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OSA Continuum

Effects of probe ellipticity and longitudinal magnetic field on the polarization rotation in a coherently prepared atomic medium

Arpita Das, Bankim Chandra Das, Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Sankar De

Published Dec 16, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dependencies of the polarization rotation on the probe ellipticity and the longitudinal magnetic field have been studied both experimentally and theoretically in a V-type electromagnetically induced transparency for 87Rb vapour. The angle of rotation varies periodically with the change in the probe ellipticity and non-linearly with the variation of the magnetic field. We have observed that the plane of polarization is rotated maximum for linearly polarized light and have obtained angle of rotation 0.32° ± 0.01° for B = 0.036 ± 0.001 mT while it was 0.0267° ± 0.0002° without magnetic field. Thus our measurement becomes sensitive to the low magnetic field. A four-level system is considered and the corresponding density matrix equations have been solved analytically to explain these observations theoretically with the help of degenerate and non-degenerate magnetic sub-levels.

DOI
10.1364/osac.409284

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 9, 2006•0 citations
The dependencies of the polarization rotation on the probe ellipticity and the longitudinal magnetic field have been studied both experimentally and theoretically in a V-type electromagnetically induced transparency for 87Rb vapour. The angle of rotation varies periodically with the change in the probe ellipticity and non-linearly with the variation of the magnetic field. We have observed that the plane of polarization is rotated maximum for linearly polarized light and have obtained angle of rotation 0.32° ± 0.01° for B = 0.036 ± 0.001 mT while it was 0.0267° ± 0.0002° without magnetic field. Thus our measurement becomes sensitive to the low magnetic field. A four-level system is considered and the corresponding density matrix equations have been solved analytically to explain these observations theoretically with the help of degenerate and non-degenerate magnetic sub-levels.
Abstract Polarization rotation in electromagnetically induced transparency (PREIT) in rubidium vapour at room temperature has been studied experimentally as well as theoretically in the absence of any magnetic field. PREIT is observed for both 85 Rb and 87 Rb combining the D 1 and the D 2 transitions with a V-type configuration. For 85 Rb, two EIT peaks and for 87 Rb, one EIT peak were observed. Nonlinear characteristics of the variations of the angle of rotation corresponding to the EIT position were observed for both the isotopes of Rb. We have modelled a four level system to explain the occurrence of the double EIT in case of the 85 Rb and the occurrence of one EIT peak for 87 Rb. The rotation of plane of polarization of the probe beam can be further explained with this model. The characteristic behaviour of the variation of rotation corresponding to the EIT position from theoretical analysis has matched well with the experimental observations. A sharp rotation with a high signal to noise ratio in the vicinity of the EIT can be used as a modulation free and noise insensitive signal for the frequency stabilization.
Abstract The dependency of polarization rotation with electromagnetically induced transparency (PREIT) in 87 Rb vapor on the angular mismatch between the probe and the pump beams has been studied experimentally and theoretically for a V-type configuration. We have observed a nonlinear variation of the PREIT angle with the angular mismatch. The angular mismatch enhanced the residual Doppler broadening effect, as well as diminishes the two photon coherence contribution, in the medium. We have also systematically studied the effect of optical depth (OD) and the pump beam spot size variations to understand how the number of interacting atoms affect the two photon coherence contribution of the polarization rotation. The value of group velocity of the probe beam has been calculated from the experimentally observed spectrum. We have modeled a three-level V-type system to explain the experimentally observed phenomena by considering the effect of OD and spot size with angular mismatch in the medium. We have considered two-dimensional Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution to calculate the susceptibilities for all atoms of all velocity components. The characteristic variation of the angle of PREIT with the angular mismatch matches well with the experimentally observed result.
We investigate an all-optical, pump-probe scheme for the polarization rotation of linearly polarized light in an atomic medium. A circularly polarized control light is shown to play the role of a static magnetic field via a Zeeman-like ac Stark interaction and to induce the optical Faraday rotation (OFR) of the probe light. As a model system, we consider a stationary atom with $nS\text{\ensuremath{-}}nP\text{\ensuremath{-}}nD$ level scheme without electronic or nuclear spin. In addition to OFR, we find that electromagnetically induced transparency for the three-level atom and circular dichroism also contribute to the polarization change. We characterize these three effects over different frequency ranges through an explicit calculation of the fractional transmission and the output polarization of the probe light. Our results are compared with the $nS\text{\ensuremath{-}}nP\text{\ensuremath{-}}(n+1)S$ scheme, which has been previously studied both theoretically and experimentally. We also compare the optically induced Faraday effect with the Faraday effect from a static magnetic field. We propose an experimental situation to test the theory and address the possibility of producing an atomic medium that is both optically active and transparent.
The effect of a vector magnetic field was studied on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with linear ⊥ linear polarization of the probe and pump beams in 87 R b − D 2 transition with a vapor cell at room temperature. The dependence of EIT on the direction of the quantization axis and the relative orientation of the polarizations of the applied electric fields was studied experimentally. We show that from the relative strengths of σ and π EITs, the direction of the magnetic field can be found. Moreover, from the relative separation between σ and π EITs, the strength of the magnetic field can be calculated. We also demonstrate that the EIT peak amplitudes show oscillatory behavior depending upon the orientation of the laser polarization relative to the magnetic field direction. To understand the experimental observations, a theoretical study was done numerically considering all 13 Zeeman sub-levels. Apart from the numerical simulation, a toy model was also constructed to obtain an analytical response of the medium considering the velocity distribution. The dependencies of the magnetic field direction and polarization direction of the electric field were explicitly derived with the analytical model.
Abstract In this theoretical work, we study the optical behaviour of a microwave driven four-level tripod-type atomic system, configured by Zeeman sub-levels in D 1 line of 87 Rb atom. The non-optical microwave field (L) reasonably assists the optical pumping by a linearly polarized (π) laser field (P1) and a right-handed circularly polarized (σ +) laser field (P2), in presence as well as absence of a static magnetic field (MF). The optical responses of the system to the left-handed circularly polarized (σ −) optical probe laser field (Pr) under three specific P1-P2 strength conditions depict substantial variations in the Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened absorption peaks, accompanied with single EIT or double EIT windows. The origin of Doppler-free Pr absorption peaks are explained by analyzing the resonant poles for the scanning Pr which attribute to the decaying-dressed-states. Perceptible changes of resonant pole positions on the complex planes of the poles w. r. t. the applied MF and L signify that one can externally alter the optical responses of the medium. The related Pr dispersion and its controllability are discussed as well. It is found that the interaction length of the Doppler-free medium has a prominent effect on the Pr absorption and transmission when both MF and L are present in the medium. Furthermore, we have shown the modifications in the Doppler-free Pr absorption profiles in presence of MF and L by considering P2 as an elliptically polarized laser field. Interestingly, Pr absorption turns into Pr gain at suitable polarization rotation angles of the elliptically polarized P2 field for different P1-P2 strength ratios.
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon of atomic 87Rb at the room temperature with a static magnetic field lifting the degeneracy of all three involved hyperfine levels. Two collinearly propagating and linearly polarized laser fields (a probe field and a coupling field) are used to couple one hyperfine level (the upper level) of the 5P1/2 state to two hyperfine levels (the lower levels) of the 5S1/2 state, respectively. In the case of zero magnetic fields, we observed a deep EIT window with the contrast of about 66%. Here, the EIT window width is limited by both the spontaneous decay rate of the upper level and the coupling field intensity. When a magnetic field parallel to both laser beams is applied, the EIT window is split into three much narrower sub-windows with contrasts of about 32%. If the magnetic field is perpendicular to the laser beams, however, the EIT window is split into four much narrower sub-windows whose contrasts are 32% or 16%. This is because the decomposition of the linearly polarized optical fields strongly depends on the orientation of the used magnetic field. The underlying physics is that, in the limit of a weak probe field, an ideal degenerate three-level system can be split into three or four sets of independent three-level systems by a magnetic field due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels of the involved hyperfine levels. In this paper the absorption spectra corresponding to different magnetic field directions are clearly shown and compared. And a straightforward but effective theoretical method for analyzing the experimental results is put forward. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.