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Frontiers in Optics

High Spectro-temporal Purity Single-photons Using Pump Pulse Engineering in Silicon Micro-racetrack Resonators

Ben M. Burridge, Imad I. Faruque, John Rarity, Jorge Barreto

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Single photons with high spectro-temporal purity are critical for photonic quantum information processing. We engineer laser pulses driving a micro-racetrack resonator to obtain SFWM photons with 98.0±0.3% purity, surpassing traditional 92% purities.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2020.jtu7b.2

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Fully integrated high spectral purity photon-pair sources represent critical core components for scalable photonic quantum information processing systems. While micro-ring resonator based single-photon sources demonstrate superior integration capabilities, their spectral purity typically suffers from a theoretical upper bound below 92% in the absence of narrow-band spectral filtering, rendering it inadequate for advanced quantum applications. This work successfully implements an on-chip dual-pulse controlled photon pair generation architecture on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible silicon photonic platform, achieving high spectral purity exceeding 98% by optimizing the beam splitting ratio and adjusting the relative time delay between the two pulses. Furthermore, to mitigate operating point drift in the micro-ring photon-pair generator induced by micro-heater current variations during testing, we developed a power control algorithm that locks the micro-ring resonance to the corresponding frequency of the shaped optical pulse, significantly improving long-term system stability.
Single-photon purity is one of the most important key metrics of many quantum states of light. For applications in photonic quantum technologies, e.g. quantum communication and linear optical quantum computing, a minimization of the multi-photon error rate is required because of its error-introducing nature. Ultimately, the purity of state-of-the-art single-photon sources was found to be limited by spontaneous emission and subsequent reexcitation during the interaction with the driving field. Here, we demonstrate that even this fundamental limit to the single-photon purity can be overcome due to the distinct spectro-temporal properties of the individual photons forming multi-photon errors. For driving pulses shorter than the emitter lifetime, we find that photons emitted during the pulse exhibit a significantly broader spectral shape than the emitter's natural linewidth. Thus, we can selectively filter out the majority of this instantaneously emitted photon by employing narrowband spectral filters, which reduces the measured degree of second-order coherence at zero time delay by almost one order of magnitude. This enables a significant suppression of the multi-photon error rate without detrimental effects on the desired single-photon emission.
We propose an on-chip reconfigurable micro-ring to engineer the spectral-purity of photons. The micro-ring resonator is designed to be coupled by one or two asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometers and the coupling coefficients hence the quality-factors of the pump and the converted photons can be dynamically changed by the interferometer’s internal phase-shifter. We calculate the joint-spectrum function and obtain the spectral-purity of photons and Schmidt number under different phases. We show that it is a dynamical method to adjust the spectral-purity and can optimize the spectral-purity of photons up to near 100%. The condition for high-spectral-purity photons is ensured by the micro-ring itself, so it overcomes the trade-off between spectral purity and brightness in the traditional post-filtering method. This scheme is robust to fabrication variations and can be successfully applied in different fabrication labs and different materials. Such high-spectral-purity photons will be beneficial for quantum information processing like Boson sampling and other quantum algorithms.