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New Approach to NNN-body Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Gu, Y Q

Published Oct 13, 2006• 21 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new approach to the relativistic quantum mechanics for many-body, which is a self-consistent system constructed by juxtaposed but mutually coupled nonlinear Dirac's equations. The classical approximation of this approach provides the exact Newtonian dynamics for many-body, and the nonrelativistic approximation gives the complete Schr\\"odinger equation for many-body.

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Ukrainian Journal of Physics•May 19, 2022•15 citations
In this paper, we propose a new approach to the relativistic quantum mechanics for many-body, which is a self-consistent system constructed by juxtaposed but mutually coupled nonlinear Dirac's equations. The classical approximation of this approach provides the exact Newtonian dynamics for many-body, and the nonrelativistic approximation gives the complete Schr\"odinger equation for many-body.
The derivation becomes possible when we find a new formalism which connects the relativistic mechanics with the quantum mechanics. In this paper, we explore the quantum wave nature from the Newtonian mechanics by using a concept: velocity field. At first, we rewrite the relativistic Newton's second law as a field equation in terms of the velocity field, which directly reveals a new relationship connecting to the quantum mechanics. Next, we show that the Dirac equation can be derived from the field equation in a rigorous and consistent manner.
A correspondence of classical to quantum physics studied by Schrö\-dinger and Ehrenfest applies without the necessity of technical conjecture that classical observables are associated with Hermitian Hilbert space operators. This correspondence provides appropriate nonrelativistic classical interpretations to realizations of relativistic quantum physics that are incompatible with the canonical formalism. Using this correspondence, Newtonian mechanics for a 1/r1/r1/r potential provides approximations for the dynamics of nonrelativistic classical particle states within unconstrained quantum field theory (UQFT).
Quantum mechanics describes multi-electronic system by using non-relativistic probabilistic theories (non-relativistic many-body Hamiltonian, Bethe-Salpeter equation, Breit equation, density functional theory and so on).All of these theories are approximations and provide a probabilistic conception of quantum mechanics, which prevents it to be compatible with general relativity (or "macro scale" physics).Indeed, the real observable world (or Minkowski space) is for us a 3D+time space but quantum mechanics is expressed in multi-dimensional Hilbert space, which is not physical but purely mathematical.In this article we try to make a relativistic equation that gives a correct description of atomic physics in the real three-dimensional space for N ≥ 2 electrons systems: i.e a N-electrons Dirac equation.The starting point is to use the wave mechanics concept of De Broglie and Schrödinger: considering the electron as a mini oscillating cloud or matter-wave.For this we start from the Hartree equation, which gives already a 3D space description of each electron wave function.Then we jump into Hartree-Fock theory, that takes into account the electron exchange and can be also expressed in 3D, thanks to Slater-Condon rules.By extending the concept of exchange potential to a relativistic 4-exchange potential, and doing the same for the electron-electron repulsion potential, we have obtained a relativistic N electrons Dirac equation, in 3D+time space, including new relativistic interactions.The non-relativistic equivalence to Hartree-Fock equations will be demonstrated, which shows that the equation is already correct to describe light atoms.
In this study, the deformed Klein–Gordon equation and Schr¨odinger equations were solved with the improved deformed generalized Deng–Fan potential plus the deformed Eckart potential (IDGDFDE-P, in short) model using Bopp’s shift and standard perturbation theory methods in the symmetries of extended quantum mechanics. By employing the improved approximation to the centrifugal term, the relativistic and nonrelativistic bound-state energies are obtained for some selected diatomic molecules such as N2, I2, HCl, CH, LiH, and CO. The relativistic energy shift ΔEtotdfe (n, a, c, b, V0, V1, V2, Θ, σ, χ, j, l, s, m) and the perturbative nonrelativistic corrections ΔEnrdfe (n, α, c, b, V0, V1, V2, Θ, σ, χ, j, l, s, m) appeared as functions of the parameters (α, c, b, V0, V1, V2) and the parameters of noncommutativity (Θ, σ, χ), in addition to the atomic quantum numbers (n, j, l, s, m). In both relativistic and nonrelativistic problems, we show that the corrections to the energy spectrum are smaller than for the main energy in the ordinary cases of RQM and NRQM. A straightforward limit of our results to ordinary quantum mechanics shows that the present results under the IDGDFDE-P model is are consistent with what is obtained in the literature. In the new symmetries of noncommutative quantum mechanics (NCQM), it is not possible to get the exact analytical solutions for l = 0 and l ̸ = 0. Only the approximate ones can be obtained. We have clearly shown that the Schr¨odinger and Klein–Gordon equations in the new symmetries can physically describe two Dirac equations and the Duffin–Kemmer equation within the IDGDFDE-P model in the extended symmetries.