Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

A Single Laser System for Ground-State Cooling of 25Mg+

Boerge Hemmerling, Florian Gebert, Yong Wan, Daniel Nigg, Ivan V. Sherstov

Published Aug 16, 2016• 31 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present a single solid-state laser system to cool, coherently manipulate and detect $^{25}$Mg$^+$ ions. Coherent manipulation is accomplished by coupling two hyperfine ground state levels using a pair of far-detuned Raman laser beams. Resonant light for Doppler cooling and detection is derived from the same laser source by means of an electro-optic modulator, generating a sideband which is resonant with the atomic transition. We demonstrate ground-state cooling of one of the vibrational modes of the ion in the trap using resolved-sideband cooling. The cooling performance is studied and discussed by observing the temporal evolution of Raman-stimulated sideband transitions. The setup is a major simplification over existing state-of-the-art systems, typically involving up to three separate laser sources.

Related papers

Optimization of Raman Cooling of 25Mg+ Ion to Ground Vibrational State in Linear Paul Trap

Pavel Sidorov, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, Ilia V. Zalivako +2 more

The sideband cooling method and its implementation on the Raman transition of 25 Mg + is presented. The process is numerically simulated under the conditions of experiments at the Lebedev Physical Institute. Laser pulse parameters are optimized to achieve the minimum average vibrational number over the times of Raman cooling of the order of several milliseconds.

Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute•Apr 1, 2019•1 citation

Resolved-Sideband Raman Cooling to the Ground State of an Optical Lattice

S. E. Hamann, D. L. Haycock, Gerd Klose +3 more

We trap neutral Cs atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice and cool them close to the zero point of motion by resolved-sideband Raman cooling. Sideband cooling occurs via transitions between the vibrational manifolds associated with a pair of magnetic sublevels, and the required Raman coupling is provided by the lattice potential itself. We obtain mean vibrational excitations ${\overline{n}}_{x}\ensuremath{\approx}{\overline{n}}_{y}<0.024$, corresponding to a population $>95%$ in the vibrational ground state. Atoms in the ground state of an optical lattice provide a new system in which to explore quantum state control and subrecoil laser cooling.

arXiv:quant-ph/9801025•Physical Review Letters•May 11, 1998•245 citations

Raman sideband cooling of $^{25}$Mg$^+$ -$^{27}$Al$^+$ ions pair and observation of quantum logic spectra

Hongli Liu, Ze-Tian Xu, Ma, Zhi-Yu +8 more

We perform quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS) on $^{27}$Al$^+$ ion $^1$S$_0$ - $^3$P$_1$ transition, which is an important step toward the QLS based $^{27}$Al$^+$ ion optical clock. As a precondition of QLS, both the stretch (STR) mode and the common (COM) mode of the $^{27}$Al$^+$ and $^{25}$Mg$^+$ ions pair are cooled to the vibrational ground state by Raman sideband cooling. The mean phonon number is measured to be 0.10(1) for the STR mode and 0.01(1) for the COM mode, respectively. The heating rate is evaluated to be 13(3) phonons/s for the STR mode and 5.5(1) phonons/s for the COM mode.

arXiv:1902.09716•Feb 26, 2019•0 citations

Ground state cooling, quantum state engineering and study of decoherence of ions in Paul traps

Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler, Christian F. Roos, Hanns‐Christoph Nägerl +12 more

We investigate single ions of 40Ca+ in Paul traps for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S½ electronic ground state and the metastable D5/2; state are used to implement a qubit. Laser light on the S½ ↔ D5/2 transition is used for the manipulation of the ion's quantum state. We apply sideband cooling to the ion and reach the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. Starting from this Fock state (n = 0), we demonstrate coherent quantum state manipulation. A large number of Rabi oscillations and a ms-coherence time is observed. Motional heating is measured to be as low as one vibrational quantum in 190ms. We also report on ground state cooling of two ions.

Journal of Modern Optics•Nov 20, 2000•8 citations

Ground state cooling, quantum state engineering and study of decoherence of ions in Paul traps

Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler, Christian F. Roos, Hanns‐Christoph Nägerl +12 more

We investigate single ions of 40Ca+ in Paul traps for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S½ electronic ground state and the metastable D5/2; state are used to implement a qubit. Laser light on the S½ ↔ D5/2 transition is used for the manipulation of the ion's quantum state. We apply sideband cooling to the ion and reach the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. Starting from this Fock state (n = 0), we demonstrate coherent quantum state manipulation. A large number of Rabi oscillations and a ms-coherence time is observed. Motional heating is measured to be as low as one vibrational quantum in 190ms. We also report on ground state cooling of two ions.

arXiv:quant-ph/0003096•Journal of Modern Optics•Nov 1, 2000•25 citations

DOI: 10.1007/s003400100721

Appl Phys Lasers

A novel method of ground-state laser cooling of trapped atoms utilizes the absorption profile of a three- (or multi-) level system that is tailored by a quantum interference. With cooling rates comparable to conventional sideband cooling, lower final temperatures may be achieved. The method was experimentally implemented to cool a single Ca + ion to its vibrational ground state. Since a broad band of vibrational frequencies can be cooled simultaneously, the technique will be particularly useful for the cooling of larger ion strings, thereby being of great practical importance for initializing a quantum register based on trapped ions. We also discuss its application to different level schemes and for ground-state cooling of neutral atoms trapped by a far-detuned standing wave laser field.

•Nov 21, 2007•0 citations
We present a single solid-state laser system to cool, coherently manipulate and detect 25^{25}25Mg+^++ ions. Coherent manipulation is accomplished by coupling two hyperfine ground state levels using a pair of far-detuned Raman laser beams. Resonant light for Doppler cooling and detection is derived from the same laser source by means of an electro-optic modulator, generating a sideband which is resonant with the atomic transition. We demonstrate ground-state cooling of one of the vibrational modes of the ion in the trap using resolved-sideband cooling. The cooling performance is studied and discussed by observing the temporal evolution of Raman-stimulated sideband transitions. The setup is a major simplification over existing state-of-the-art systems, typically involving up to three separate laser sources.
We trap neutral Cs atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice and cool them close to the zero point of motion by resolved-sideband Raman cooling. Sideband cooling occurs via transitions between the vibrational manifolds associated with a pair of magnetic sublevels, and the required Raman coupling is provided by the lattice potential itself. We obtain mean vibrational excitations ${\overline{n}}_{x}\ensuremath{\approx}{\overline{n}}_{y}<0.024$, corresponding to a population >95>95%>95 in the vibrational ground state. Atoms in the ground state of an optical lattice provide a new system in which to explore quantum state control and subrecoil laser cooling.
Raman sideband cooling of 25^{25}25Mg+^++ -27^{27}27Al+^++ ions pair and observation of quantum logic spectra
We perform quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS) on 27^{27}27Al+^++ ion 1^11S0_00​ - 3^33P1_11​ transition, which is an important step toward the QLS based 27^{27}27Al+^++ ion optical clock. As a precondition of QLS, both the stretch (STR) mode and the common (COM) mode of the 27^{27}27Al+^++ and 25^{25}25Mg+^++ ions pair are cooled to the vibrational ground state by Raman sideband cooling. The mean phonon number is measured to be 0.10(1) for the STR mode and 0.01(1) for the COM mode, respectively. The heating rate is evaluated to be 13(3) phonons/s for the STR mode and 5.5(1) phonons/s for the COM mode.
We investigate single ions of 40Ca+ in Paul traps for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S½ electronic ground state and the metastable D5/2; state are used to implement a qubit. Laser light on the S½ ↔ D5/2 transition is used for the manipulation of the ion's quantum state. We apply sideband cooling to the ion and reach the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. Starting from this Fock state (n = 0), we demonstrate coherent quantum state manipulation. A large number of Rabi oscillations and a ms-coherence time is observed. Motional heating is measured to be as low as one vibrational quantum in 190ms. We also report on ground state cooling of two ions.
We investigate single ions of 40Ca+ in Paul traps for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S½ electronic ground state and the metastable D5/2; state are used to implement a qubit. Laser light on the S½ ↔ D5/2 transition is used for the manipulation of the ion's quantum state. We apply sideband cooling to the ion and reach the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. Starting from this Fock state (n = 0), we demonstrate coherent quantum state manipulation. A large number of Rabi oscillations and a ms-coherence time is observed. Motional heating is measured to be as low as one vibrational quantum in 190ms. We also report on ground state cooling of two ions.
A novel method of ground-state laser cooling of trapped atoms utilizes the absorption profile of a three- (or multi-) level system that is tailored by a quantum interference. With cooling rates comparable to conventional sideband cooling, lower final temperatures may be achieved. The method was experimentally implemented to cool a single Ca + ion to its vibrational ground state. Since a broad band of vibrational frequencies can be cooled simultaneously, the technique will be particularly useful for the cooling of larger ion strings, thereby being of great practical importance for initializing a quantum register based on trapped ions. We also discuss its application to different level schemes and for ground-state cooling of neutral atoms trapped by a far-detuned standing wave laser field.