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Representation of state property systems

Diederik Aerts, Sylvia Pulmannová

Published Jan 1, 2006• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A ‘state property system’ is the mathematical structure which models an arbitrary physical system by means of its set of states, its set of properties, and a relation of ‘actuality of a certain property for a certain state’. We work out a new axiomatization for standard quantum mechanics, starting with the basic notion of state property system, and making use of a generalization of the standard quantum mechanical notion of ‘superposition’ for state property systems.

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A ‘state property system’ is the mathematical structure which models an arbitrary physical system by means of its set of states, its set of properties, and a relation of ‘actuality of a certain property for a certain state’. We work out a new axiomatization for standard quantum mechanics, starting with the basic notion of state property system, and making use of a generalization of the standard quantum mechanical notion of ‘superposition’ for state property systems.
Abstract Quantum mechanics is written in the language of linear algebra. On the Schrodinger picture the theory represents quantum-mechanical states using the elements of a Hilbert space and represents observable physical properties and the standard dynamics using the linear operators on the state space. We consider the mathematical notions for understanding and working with the standard formulation of quantum mechanics. Each mathematical notion is characterized geometrically, algebraically, and physically. The mathematical representation of quantum-mechanical superpositions is discussed.
An axiomatic mathematical structure is presented in terms of which arbitrary mathematical models of a physical system can be rigorously formulated and studied. Physical systems, observables, and states all arise in a natural way from the primitive notion of a physical operation. In particular, the structure is independent of the special mathematical completion defined by the quantum mechanical model, since no lattice theoretical or Hilbert space assumptions are used. The precise relationship between the present structure and the usual quantum mechanical model is investigated in a succeeding paper.
Motivated by Hilbert's sixth problem on axiomatization of physics, the author is proposing a rather provocative abstract axiomatic framework called S - formalization, where S is an arbitrary physical system .The proposal is an attempt to provide a general axiomatic framework , from which mathematical frameworks of new physical theories can be formulated on firm axiomatic basis and the mathematical frameworks of subjects such as standard (nonrelativistic) quantum mechanics are naturally derived as special cases of this general axiomatic framework. Introduction
This introductory chapter sets out a general structure of physical theories which is applicable to both classical and quantum mechanics. We start with measurable properties of a given physical system, be it classical or quantum. These properties are called observables . We then introduce a definition of the state of a physical system in terms of measured values of a sufficiently large set of observables. A theory to describe the system should consists of four basic components: Basic mathematical framework This comprises a set of elements endowed with some specific mathematical structure and properties. In mathematics such a set is generally known as a space . Description of states States are described by elements of the space in the chosen mathematical framework. For this reason the space is called the state space of the system. Description of observables Observables are to be described by quantities defined on the state space. The description should yield all possible values of observables. The relationship between observables and states should be explicitly stated. The following two cases are of particular interest: 2 For a deterministic theory like classical mechanics a state should determine the values of all observables. For a probabilistic theory like quantum mechanics a state should determine the probability distribution of the values of all observables. Description of time evolution (dynamics).
A simplified scheme is used to discuss the idea of the mathematical formalism of physical theory. The physical theory is associated with a certain mathematical structure which makes it possible to define objects, i.e., the subject of investigation, and some of their characteristics. The task of the theory is to find the characteristics of an object from its input data that implicitly define it, on the basis of the laws from the nature of the basic structure. It stands to reason that the task includes the finding of the indicated laws dictated by the structure, the elucidation of the general properties of the objects, the establishment of the relationship between the characteristics, etc. The finiteness of the models used to illustrate the given scheme is brought about by the replacement of the space or the space-time continuum of "real" physics by a finite set.