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Nonrelativistic spin 1/2 particle in an arbitrary non-Abelian magnetic field in two spatial dimensions

Clark, T E, Love, S T, Nowling, S R

Published Sep 12, 2001• 1 citation
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Abstract

The (group and spin space) matrix Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a nonrelativistic spin 1/2 particle moving in a static, but spatially dependent, non-Abelian magnetic field in two spatial dimensions is shown to take the form of an anticommutator of a nilpotent operator and its hermitian conjugate. Consequently, the (group space) matrix Hamiltonians for the two different spin projections form partners of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system. The resulting supersymmetry algebra is exploited to explicitly construct the exact zero energy ground state wavefunction(s) for the system. The remaining eigenstates and eigenvalues of the two partner Hamiltonians form positive energy degenerate pairs.

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The (group and spin space) matrix Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a nonrelativistic spin 1/2 particle moving in a static, but spatially dependent, non-Abelian magnetic field in two spatial dimensions is shown to take the form of an anticommutator of a nilpotent operator and its hermitian conjugate. Consequently, the (group space) matrix Hamiltonians for the two different spin projections form partners of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system. The resulting supersymmetry algebra is exploited to explicitly construct the exact zero energy ground state wavefunction(s) for the system. The remaining eigenstates and eigenvalues of the two partner Hamiltonians form positive energy degenerate pairs.
The (group and spin space) matrix Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a non-relativistic spin-½ particle moving in a static, but spatially dependent, non-Abelian magnetic field in two spatial dimensions is shown to take the form of an anticommutator of a nilpotent operator and its Hermitian conjugate. Consequently, the (group space) matrix Hamiltonians for the two different spin projections form partners of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system. The resulting supersymmetry algebra is exploited to explicitly construct the exact zero energy ground state wave function(s) for the system. The remaining eigenstates and eigenvalues of the two partner Hamiltonians form positive energy degenerate pairs.
We find that in a supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) system, in addition to supersymmetric algebra, an associated SU(2) algebra can be obtained by using semiunitary (SUT) operator and projection operator, and the relevant constants of motion can be constructed. Two typical quantum systems are investigated as examples to demonstrate the above finding. The first example is the quantum system of a nonrelativistic charged particle moving in x-y plane and coupled to a magnetic field along z-axis. The second example is provided with the Dirac particle in a magnetic field. Similarly there exists an SU τ (2) ⊗ SU σ (2) symmetry in the context of the relativistic Pauli Hamiltonian squared. We show that there exists also an SU(2) symmetry associated with the supersymmetry of the Dirac particle.
Using supersymmetry quantum mechanics, we explain the covariance of the eigenvalue equation for the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) Hamiltonian under the particle-hole transformation. The JC Hamiltonians for the original spin-1/2 ``particle'' and the transformed partner (the ``hole'') are shown to be the fermionic and the bosonic parts of a supersymmetric Hamiltonian. The Hamiltonian, unlike ordinary one-dimensional supersymmetric quantum-mechanical models, can have a degenerate zero-energy ground state despite exact supersymmetry. The degeneracy is shown to arise from the hidden particle-hole exchange symmetry as well as supersymmetry in the Hamiltonian.
It is shown that the eigenproblem of any 2×22\times 22×2 matrix Hamiltonian with discrete eigenvalues is involved with a supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The energy dependence of the superalgebra marks the disparity between the deduced supersymmetry and the standard supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The components of an eigenspinor are superpartners\textemdash up to a SU(2)SU(2)SU(2) transformation\textemdash which allows to derive two reduced eigenproblems diagonalizing the Hamiltonian in the spin subspace. As a result, each component carries all information encoded in the eigenspinor. We also discuss the generalization of the formalism to a system of a single spin-p2\frac{p}{2}2p​ coupled with external fields. The unconventional supersymmetry can be regarded as an extension of the Fulton-Gouterman transformation, which can be established for a two-level system coupled with multi oscillators displaying a mirror symmetry. The transformation is exploited recently to solve Rabi-type models. Correspondingly, we illustrate how the supersymmetric formalism can solve spin-boson models with no need to appeal a symmetry of the model. Furthermore, a pattern of entanglement between the components of an eigenstate of a many-spin system can be unveiled by exploiting the supersymmetric quantum mechanics associated with single spins which also recasts the eigenstate as a matrix product state. Examples of many-spin models are presented and solved by utilizing the formalism.
We review supersymmetry (SUSY) in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics emphasizing algebraic aspects.We discuss the Hamiltonian subgroup implementing supersymmetry as well as the corresponding algebra of the SUSY generators.In the SUSYQM framework, the two distinct partner potentials are connected by a superpotential satisfying a Riccati differential equation.A full Hamiltonian operator in an extended Hilbert space is defined in order to render the supersymmetry manifest.As a result, the eigenfunctions of the original potentials are connected by generalized ladder operators.We provide an explicit realization of the abstract supersymmetry group for SUSYQM depending on one real and two Grassmann parameters.
We construct the manifold of zero-energy eigenstates for a nonrelativistic spin-\textonehalf{} particle moving in a plane in an external magnetic field $B(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{x}})=\ensuremath{\Sigma}{n=0}^{N}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{n}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{x}}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{c}}}_{n})$, with ${{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{n}}$ and ${{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{c}}}_{n}}$ arbitrary reals and kn{{k}_{n}}kn​ positive integers. For a given BBB the ground state is infinitely degenerate and the manifold of eigenfunctions is parametrized by a point in R2(2kmax+1){R}^{2(2{k}_{max}+1)}R2(2kmax​+1). For such BBB's we prove paramagnetism with arbitrary external potential $V(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{x}})$.