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A quantum pulse gate based on spectrally engineered sum frequency generation

A. Eckstein, Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C.

Published Jan 1, 2011• 110 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We introduce the concept of a quantum pulse gate (QPG), a method for accessing the intrinsic broadband spectral mode structure of ultrafast quantum states of light. This mode structure can now be harnessed for applications in quantum information processing. We propose an implementation in a PPLN waveguide, based on spectrally engineered sum frequency generation (SFG). It allows us to pick well-defined spectral broadband modes from an ultrafast multi-mode state for interconversion to a broadband mode at another frequency. By pulse-shaping the bright SFG pump beam, different orthogonal broadband modes can be addressed individually and extracted with high fidelity. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

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Summary form only given. Optical linear circuit is one of the most important parts for optical quantum computing. The optical circuit, which consists of mode mixers and phase shifters, has been used in various quantum protocols: cluster state generation, Boson sampling, and quantum random walk. To realize a large-scale linear circuit, waveguide-based quantum circuits have experimentally been demonstrated by some groups [1, 2]. However, such a waveguide-based circuit cannot overcome issues of flexibility and loss.On the other hand, recently, a quantum pulse gate (QPG), which enables mode extraction from multimode quantum fields in the frequency domain, has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated [3]. For utilizing the frequency resource of photon field, parallel generations of single photons or multimode squeezed states in the frequency domain, namely time-frequency Schmidt modes, have been demonstrated. In such a wavelengthdivision-multiplexed quantum circuit, this mode extraction corresponds to one row of a linear unitary rotation of the Schmidt modes. It is achieved by sum frequency generation between a spectrally-shaped classical pulse and a quantum weak pulse. The arbitrary mode extraction can be designed by the pulse shaping with a high efficiency. In this report, we propose a multistage QPG which is a simple, flexible and highly efficient quantum linear optical circuit. We devised a novel multipass 4-f system to map the frequency multimode quantum states into the spatiotemporal domain with a single nonlinear crystal (Fig. 1(a)). Furthermore, we show its application to a quantum simulator for calculating molecular vibronic absorption spectra [4] (Fig. 1(b)).

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2017•0 citations
We introduce the concept of a quantum pulse gate (QPG), a method for accessing the intrinsic broadband spectral mode structure of ultrafast quantum states of light. This mode structure can now be harnessed for applications in quantum information processing. We propose an implementation in a PPLN waveguide, based on spectrally engineered sum frequency generation (SFG). It allows us to pick well-defined spectral broadband modes from an ultrafast multi-mode state for interconversion to a broadband mode at another frequency. By pulse-shaping the bright SFG pump beam, different orthogonal broadband modes can be addressed individually and extracted with high fidelity. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
We introduce the concept of a quantum pulse gate (QPG), a method for accessing the intrinsic broadband spectral mode structure of ultrafast quantum states of light. This mode structure can now be harnessed for applications in quantum information processing. We propose an implementation in a PPLN waveguide, based on spectrally engineered sum frequency generation (SFG). It allows us to pick well-defined spectral broadband modes from an ultrafast multi-mode state for interconversion to a broadband mode at another frequency. By pulse-shaping the bright SFG pump beam, different orthogonal broadband modes can be addressed individually and extracted with high fidelity.
We introduce the concept of a quantum pulse gate (QPG), a method for accessing the intrinsic broadband spectral mode structure of ultrafast quantum states of light. This mode structure can now be harnessed for applications in quantum information processing. We propose an implementation in a PPLN waveguide, based on spectrally engineered sum frequency generation (SFG). It allows us to pick well-defined spectral broadband modes from an ultrafast multi-mode state for interconversion to a broadband mode at another frequency. By pulse-shaping the bright SFG pump beam, different orthogonal broadband modes can be addressed individually and extracted with near unit efficiency.
Full control over the spatiotemporal structure of quantum states of light is an important goal in quantum optics, to generate, for instance, single-mode quantum pulses or to encode information on multiple modes, enhancing channel capacities. Quantum light pulses feature an inherent, rich spectral broadband-mode structure. In recent years, exploring the use of integrated optics as well as source engineering has led to a deep understanding of the pulse-mode structure of guided quantum states of light. In addition, several groups have started to investigate the manipulation of quantum states by means of single-photon frequency conversion. In this paper, we explore new routes towards complete control of the inherent pulse-modes of ultrafast pulsed quantum states by employing specifically designed nonlinear waveguides with adapted dispersion properties. Starting from our recently proposed quantum pulse gate (QPG), we further generalize the concept of spatiospectral engineering for arbitrary χ (2) -based quantum processes. We analyse the sum-frequency generation-based QPG and introduce the difference-frequency generation-based quantum pulse shaper (QPS). Together, these versatile and robust integrated optical devices allow for arbitrary manipulations of the pulse-mode structure of ultrafast pulsed quantum states. The QPG can be utilized to select an arbitrary pulse mode from a multimode input state, whereas the QPS enables the generation of specific pulse modes from an input wavepacket with a Gaussian-shaped spectrum.
Quantum information applications call for information encoding schemes which offer high bitrates and the possibility to encode many qubits onto one carrier. Ultrafast pulsed quantum states of light feature an inherent rich spectral and temporal broadband mode structure, which is uniquely defined by their generation process. In ultrafast parametric downconversion for instance, the pair photons are usually generated in superposition states of many orthogonal broadband modes. Thus, they carry the potential for high dimensional quantum information encoding and high bitrates. However, even though the pulsed mode structure of quantum light is well known (see e.g. [1]), feasible ways of exploiting this natural resource in practical systems have not yet been explored.
The temporal-mode (TM) basis is a prime candidate to perform high-dimensional quantum encoding. Quantum frequency conversion has been employed as a tool to perform tomographic analysis and manipulation of ultrafast states of quantum light necessary to implement a TM-based encoding protocol. While demultiplexing of such states of light has been demonstrated in the quantum pulse gate (QPG), a multiplexing device is needed to complete an experimental framework for TM encoding. In this work we demonstrate the reverse process of the QPG. A dispersion-engineered difference frequency generation in nonlinear optical waveguides is employed to imprint the pulse shape of the pump pulse onto the output. We study experimentally the process by spectrally shaping the first five orders of Hermite-Gauss modes of various bandwidths. Finally, we establish and model the limits of practical, reliable spectral pulse shaping operation.
Summary form only given. Optical linear circuit is one of the most important parts for optical quantum computing. The optical circuit, which consists of mode mixers and phase shifters, has been used in various quantum protocols: cluster state generation, Boson sampling, and quantum random walk. To realize a large-scale linear circuit, waveguide-based quantum circuits have experimentally been demonstrated by some groups [1, 2]. However, such a waveguide-based circuit cannot overcome issues of flexibility and loss.On the other hand, recently, a quantum pulse gate (QPG), which enables mode extraction from multimode quantum fields in the frequency domain, has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated [3]. For utilizing the frequency resource of photon field, parallel generations of single photons or multimode squeezed states in the frequency domain, namely time-frequency Schmidt modes, have been demonstrated. In such a wavelengthdivision-multiplexed quantum circuit, this mode extraction corresponds to one row of a linear unitary rotation of the Schmidt modes. It is achieved by sum frequency generation between a spectrally-shaped classical pulse and a quantum weak pulse. The arbitrary mode extraction can be designed by the pulse shaping with a high efficiency. In this report, we propose a multistage QPG which is a simple, flexible and highly efficient quantum linear optical circuit. We devised a novel multipass 4-f system to map the frequency multimode quantum states into the spatiotemporal domain with a single nonlinear crystal (Fig. 1(a)). Furthermore, we show its application to a quantum simulator for calculating molecular vibronic absorption spectra [4] (Fig. 1(b)).