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The holographic dual of the entanglement wedge symplectic form

Josh Kirklin

Published Oct 7, 2019• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, we find the boundary dual of the symplectic form for the bulk fields in any entanglement wedge. The key ingredient is Uhlmann holonomy, which is a notion of parallel transport of purifications of density matrices based on a maximisation of transition probabilities. Using a replica trick, we compute this holonomy for curves of reduced states in boundary subregions of holographic QFTs at large N, subject to changes of operator insertions on the boundary. It is shown that the Berry phase along Uhlmann parallel paths may be written as the integral of an abelian connection whose curvature is the symplectic form of the entanglement wedge. This generalises previous work on holographic Berry curvature.

DOI
10.17863/cam.53403

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Abstract: In this paper, we find the boundary dual of the symplectic form for the bulk fields in any entanglement wedge. The key ingredient is Uhlmann holonomy, which is a notion of parallel transport of purifications of density matrices based on a maximisation of transition probabilities. Using a replica trick, we compute this holonomy for curves of reduced states in boundary subregions of holographic QFTs at large N, subject to changes of operator insertions on the boundary. It is shown that the Berry phase along Uhlmann parallel paths may be written as the integral of an abelian connection whose curvature is the symplectic form of the entanglement wedge. This generalises previous work on holographic Berry curvature.
A bstract In this paper, we find the boundary dual of the symplectic form for the bulk fields in any entanglement wedge. The key ingredient is Uhlmann holonomy, which is a notion of parallel transport of purifications of density matrices based on a maximisation of transition probabilities. Using a replica trick, we compute this holonomy for curves of reduced states in boundary subregions of holographic QFTs at large N , subject to changes of operator insertions on the boundary. It is shown that the Berry phase along Uhlmann parallel paths may be written as the integral of an abelian connection whose curvature is the symplectic form of the entanglement wedge. This generalises previous work on holographic Berry curvature.
We introduce a quantum notion of parallel transport between subsystems of a quantum state whose holonomies characterize the structure of entanglement. In AdS/CFT, entanglement holonomies are reflected in the bulk spacetime connection. When the subsystems are a pair of holographic CFTs in an entangled state, our quantum transport measures Wilson lines threading the dual wormhole. For subregions of a single CFT it is generated by the modular Berry connection and computes the effect of the AdS curvature on the transport of minimal surfaces. Our observation reveals a new aspect of the spacetime-entanglement duality and yet another concept shared between gravity and quantum mechanics.
We present a new perspective on bulk reconstruction using Berry phases in the boundary conformal field theory (CFT). Our parallel transport of modular Hamiltonians is associated to a trajectory in the space of states, which we obtain from the insertion of a source in the Euclidean path integral. Using a modular version of the extrapolate dictionary and the equivalence between modular flow in the boundary and the bulk, we show that the expectation value of the modular Berry curvature on the boundary agrees with an appropriately defined bulk symplectic form associated to the entanglement wedge. In addition, we derive a quantum information metric on the space of density matrices from the Berry curvature, which is related to the canonical energy in the bulk. We also explore the case where a state change reduces to a shape change, uncovering the coadjoint orbit structure of kinematic space in higher dimensions.
Abstract We study the parallel transport of modular Hamiltonians encoding entanglement properties of a state. In the case of 2d CFT, we consider a change of state through action with a suitable diffeomorphism on the circle: one that diagonalizes the adjoint action of the modular Hamiltonian. These vector fields exhibit kinks at the interval boundary, thus together with their central extension they differ from usual elements of the Virasoro algebra. The Berry curvature associated to state-changing parallel transport is the Kirillov-Kostant symplectic form on an associated coadjoint orbit, one which differs appreciably from known Virasoro orbits. We find that the boundary parallel transport process computes a bulk symplectic form for a Euclidean geometry obtained from the backreaction of a cosmic brane, with Dirichlet boundary conditions at the location of the brane. We propose that this gives a reasonable definition for the symplectic form on an entanglement wedge.
A bstract We relate the Riemann curvature of a holographic spacetime to an entangle- ment property of the dual CFT state: the Berry curvature of its modular Hamiltonians. The modular Berry connection encodes the relative bases of nearby CFT subregions while its bulk dual, restricted to the code subspace, relates the edge-mode frames of the cor- responding entanglement wedges. At leading order in 1 /N and for sufficiently smooth HRRT surfaces, the modular Berry connection simply sews together the orthonormal co- ordinate systems covering neighborhoods of HRRT surfaces. This geometric perspective on entanglement is a promising new tool for connecting the dynamics of entanglement and gravitation.
Abstract We evaluate the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in asymptotically AdS geometries which are dual to boundary excited states. We carry out a perturbative analysis for calculating EWCS between the vacuum and other states for a symmetric configuration consisting of two disjoint strips and obtain analytical results in the specific regimes of the parameter space. In particular, when the states described by purely gravitational excitations in the bulk we find that the leading correction to EWCS is negative and hence the correlation between the boundary subregions decreases. We also study other types of excitations upon adding the extra matter fields including current and scalar condensate. Our study reveals some generic properties of boundary information measures dual to EWCS, e.g., entanglement of purification, logarithmic negativity and reflected entropy. Finally, we discuss how these results are consistent with the behavior of other correlation measures including the holographic mutual information.