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Time evolution of the classical and quantum mechanical versions of diffusive anharmonic oscillator: an example of Lie algebraic techniques

De Faria, J G P

Published Dec 7, 2005• 15 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present the general solutions for the classical and quantum dynamics of the anharmonic oscillator coupled to a purely diffusive environment. In both cases, these solutions are obtained by the application of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formulas to expand the evolution operator in an ordered product of exponentials. Moreover, we obtain an expression for the Wigner function in the quantum version of the problem. We observe that the role played by diffusion is to reduce or to attenuate the the characteristic quantum effects yielded by the nonlinearity, as the appearance of coherent superpositions of quantum states (Schr\\"{o}dinger cat states) and revivals.

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math-phCross-listedarXiv:2607.07692•Jul 9, 2026
We present the general solutions for the classical and quantum dynamics of the anharmonic oscillator coupled to a purely diffusive environment. In both cases, these solutions are obtained by the application of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formulas to expand the evolution operator in an ordered product of exponentials. Moreover, we obtain an expression for the Wigner function in the quantum version of the problem. We observe that the role played by diffusion is to reduce or to attenuate the the characteristic quantum effects yielded by the nonlinearity, as the appearance of coherent superpositions of quantum states (Schr\"{o}dinger cat states) and revivals.
Using thermal entangled state representation, we solve the master equation of a diffusive anharmonic oscillator (AHO) to obtain the exact time evolution formula for the density operator in the infinitive operator-sum representation. We present a new evolution formula of the Wigner function (WF) for any initial state of the diffusive AHO by converting the WF calculation into an overlap between two pure states in an enlarged Fock space. It is found that this formula is very convenient in investigating the WF's evolution of any known initial state. As applications, this formula is used to obtain the evolution of the WF for a coherent state and the evolution of the photon-number distribution of diffusive AHOs.
The analytic solution of the time evolution of a dissipative nonlinear quantum oscillator in the generalized s-ordered representation is derived. The analytical solution allows for comparsion of the various representations with the classical and semiclassical dynamics. It is shown by the eigenvalue analysis of the evolution operators that in the case of a small nonlinearity a semiclassical analysis is an excellent approximation to the exact quantum dynamics. This is further demonstrated by using the Green's function of the anharmonic oscillator to solve the initial-value problem for a superposition of coherent states.
We use the characteristic function of the Wigner function (its double Fourier transform) to give solution to any generic open quantum linear systems (systems whose Hamiltonian is at most quadratic). The solution is carried out in terms of the application of the transition matrix of the dynamical evolution in the Fourier space. We address two cases: the time-independent coefficients for which we give the solutions for several dissipative models of the quantum harmonic oscillator and the one-dimensional free particle. In the latter, we also derive a heuristic model for a pure damped motion with suppression of diffusion. For the time-dependent coefficient problem, we give some particular cases that are integrable and derive a second order approximation to the generic case in which all parameters are time-dependent. We additionally explore the solutions of the system when the diffusion processes of the dissipative model lie beyond the weak coupling limit.
We present a solution for the dynamics of an anharmonic oscillator coupled to a zero-temperature heat bath. Comparison of observable properties in a classical and quantum description uses true joint phase-space probability densities. The time evolution of the density in the quantum case is rapidly "reduced" to that given in the classical description. The rate of reduction is proportional to the product of the damping rate and the oscillator's initial energy. Quite rapidly, typical quantum recurrence effects are destroyed and the classical "whorl" structure restored. We point out the close similarity with rapid destruction of quantum coherence through dissipation.
The Baker--Campbell--Hausdorff (BCH) formula plays a critical role in many branches of mathematics and physics. It expresses the logarithm of the product of exponentials of non-commuting operators as an infinite series of nested commutators of the operators involved. The Zassenhaus formula is the dual of the BCH formula: the exponential of a sum of operators is written as an infinite product of exponentials involving the operators and their commutators. In practical computations, however, one typically has to truncate the expansions, and so understanding the error committed by the resulting approximations and eventually providing suitable bounds for this error is of paramount interest. In this work we present a general strategy to derive rigorous error bounds and explicit error constants for the BCH and Zassenhaus formulas when the operators involved are skew-adjoint, as is the case for quantum evolution problems.