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Long Cycles in the Infinite-Range-Hopping Bose-Hubbard Model with Hard Cores

G. Boland, Joseph V. Pulé

Published Jan 1, 2008• 6 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper we study the relation between long cycles and Bose-Condensation in the Infinite range Bose-Hubbard Model with a hard core interaction. We calculate the density of particles on long cycles in the thermodynamic limit and find that the existence of a non-zero long cycle density coincides with the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation but this density is not equal to that of the Bose condensate.

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In this paper we study the relation between long cycles and Bose-Condensation in the Infinite range Bose-Hubbard Model with a hard core interaction. We calculate the density of particles on long cycles in the thermodynamic limit and find that the existence of a non-zero long cycle density coincides with the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation but this density is not equal to that of the Bose condensate.
We study the relationship between long cycles and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the case of several models. A convenient expression for the density of particles on cycles of length qqq is obtained, in terms of qqq unsymmetrised particles coupled with a boson field. Using this formulation we reproduce known results on the Ideal Bose Gas, Mean-Field and Perturbed Mean-Field Models, where the condensate density exactly equals the long cycle density. Then we consider the Infinite-Range-Hopping Bose-Hubbard model, with and without hard-cores. For the hard-core case, we find we can disregard the hopping contribution of the q unsymmetrised particles to obtain an exact expression for the density of particles on long cycles. It is shown that only the cycle of length one contributes to the cycle density. We conclude that while the existence of a non-zero long cycle density coincides with the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation, the respective densities are not necessarily equal. For the case of a finite on-site repulsion, we obtain an expression for the cycle density by neglecting the qqq unsymmetrised hop. Inspired by the Approximating Hamiltonian method we conjecture a simplified expression for the short cycle density as a ratio of single-site partition functions. In the absence of condensation we prove that this simplification is exact and find that in this case the long-cycle density vanishes. In the presence of condensation we justify this simplification when a gauge-symmetry breaking term is introduced in the Hamiltonian. Assuming our conjecture is correct, we compare numerically the long-cycle density with the condensate and again find that though they coexist, in general they are not equal.
In this paper we study the relation between long cycles and Bose–Einstein condensation in the infinite-range Bose–Hubbard model. We obtain an expression for the cycle density involving the partition function for a Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian with a single-site correction. Inspired by the approximating Hamiltonian method we conjecture a simplified expression for the short cycle density as a ratio of single-site partition functions. In the absence of condensation we prove that this simplification is exact and use it to show that in this case the long cycle density vanishes. In the presence of condensation we can justify this simplification when a gauge-symmetry breaking term is introduced in the Hamiltonian. Assuming our conjecture is correct, we compare numerically the long cycle density with the condensate and find that although they coexist, in general, they are not equal.
The Bose-Einstein condensation in the hard-core boson limit (HCB) of the Bose-Hubbard model with two local states and the particle hopping in the excited band only is investigated.For the purpose of considering the nonergodicity, a single-particle spectral density is calculated in the random phase approximation by means of the temperature boson Green functions.The non-ergodic contribution to the momentum distribution function of particles (connected with the static density fluctuations) increases significantly and becomes comparable with the ergodic contribution in the superfluid phase near the tricritical point.
Abstract In the first-quantized description of bosonic systems permutation cycles formed by the particles play a fundamental role. In the ideal Bose gas Bose-Enstein condensation (BEC) is signaled by the appearance of infinite cycles. When the particles interact, the two phenomena may not be simultaneous, the existence of infinite cycles is necessary but not sufficient for BEC. We demonstrate that their appearance is always accompanied by a singularity in the thermodynamic quantities which in three and four dimensions can be as strong as a one-sided divergence of the isothermal compressibility. Arguments are presented that long-range interactions can give rise to unexpected results, such as the absence of infinite cycles in three dimensions for long-range repulsion or their presence in one and two dimensions if the pair potential has a long attractive tail.