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Exactly solvable deterministic lattice model of crossover between ballistic and diffusive transport

Katja Klobas, Marko Medenjak, Tomaž Prosen

Published Jan 10, 2019• 19 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We discuss a simple deterministic lattice gas of locally interacting charged particles, for which we show coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport. Both, the ballistic and the diffusive transport coefficients, specifically the Drude weight and the diffusion constant, respectively, are analytically computed for particular set of generalised Gibbs states and may independently vanish for appropriate values of thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, our analysis, based on explicit construction of the matrix representation of time-automorphism in a suitable basis of the algebra of local observables, allows for an exact computation of the dynamic structure factor and closed form solution of the inhomogeneous quench problem.

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We discuss a simple deterministic lattice gas of locally interacting charged particles, for which we show coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport. Both, the ballistic and the diffusive transport coefficients, specifically the Drude weight and the diffusion constant, respectively, are analytically computed for a particular set of generalized Gibbs states and may independently vanish for appropriate values of thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, our analysis, based on explicit construction of the matrix representation of time-automorphism in a suitable basis of the algebra of local observables, allows for an exact computation of the dynamic structure factor and closed form solution of the inhomogeneous quench problem.

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We establish a general connection between ballistic and diffusive transport in systems where the ballistic contribution in the canonical ensemble vanishes. A lower bound on the Green-Kubo diffusion constant is derived in terms of the curvature of the ideal transport coefficient, the Drude weight, with respect to the filling parameter. As an application, we explicitly determine the lower bound on the high-temperature diffusion constant in the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain for anisotropy parameters Δ≥1, thus, settling the question of whether or not the transport is subdiffusive. Additionally, the lower bound is shown to saturate the diffusion constant for a certain classical integrable model.

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We discuss a simple deterministic lattice gas of locally interacting charged particles, for which we show coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport. Both, the ballistic and the diffusive transport coefficients, specifically the Drude weight and the diffusion constant, respectively, are analytically computed for particular set of generalised Gibbs states and may independently vanish for appropriate values of thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, our analysis, based on explicit construction of the matrix representation of time-automorphism in a suitable basis of the algebra of local observables, allows for an exact computation of the dynamic structure factor and closed form solution of the inhomogeneous quench problem.
We discuss a simple deterministic lattice gas of locally interacting charged particles, for which we show coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport. Both, the ballistic and the diffusive transport coefficients, specifically the Drude weight and the diffusion constant, respectively, are analytically computed for a particular set of generalized Gibbs states and may independently vanish for appropriate values of thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, our analysis, based on explicit construction of the matrix representation of time-automorphism in a suitable basis of the algebra of local observables, allows for an exact computation of the dynamic structure factor and closed form solution of the inhomogeneous quench problem.
Abstract We review recent results on an exactly solvable model of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, specifically the classical rule 54 reversible cellular automaton and some of its quantum extensions. We discuss the exact microscopic description of nonequilibrium dynamics as well as the equilibrium and nonequilibrium stationary states. This allows us to obtain a rigorous handle on the corresponding emergent hydrodynamic description, which is treated as well. Specifically, we focus on two different paradigms of rule 54 dynamics. Firstly, we consider a finite chain driven by stochastic boundaries, where we provide exact matrix product descriptions of the nonequilibrium steady state, most relevant decay modes, as well as the eigenvector of the tilted Markov chain yielding exact large deviations for a broad class of local and extensive observables. Secondly, we treat the explicit dynamics of macro-states on an infinite lattice and discuss exact closed form results for dynamical structure factor, multi-time-correlation functions and inhomogeneous quenches. Remarkably, these results prove that the model, despite its simplicity, behaves like a regular fluid with coexistence of ballistic (sound) and diffusive (heat) transport. Finally, we briefly discuss quantum interpretation of rule 54 dynamics and explicit results on dynamical spreading of local operators and operator entanglement.
In this paper we study the statistical properties of a reversible cellular automaton in two out-of-equilibrium settings. In the first part we consider two instances of the initial value problem, corresponding to the inhomogeneous quench and the local quench. Our main result is an exact matrix product expression of the time evolution of the probability distribution, which we use to determine the time evolution of the density profiles analytically. In the second part we study the model on a finite lattice coupled with stochastic boundaries. Once again we derive an exact matrix product expression of the stationary distribution, as well as the particle current and density profiles in the stationary state. The exact expressions reveal the existence of different phases with either ballistic or diffusive transport depending on the boundary parameters.
In the absence of disorder and interactions, fermions move coherently and their associated charge and energy exhibit ballistic spreading, even at finite energy density. In the presence of weak interactions and a finite energy density, fermion-fermion scattering leads to a crossover between early-time ballistic and late-time diffusive transport. The relevant crossover timescales and the transport coefficients are both functions of interaction strength, but the question of determining the precise functional dependence is likely impossible to answer exactly. In this work we develop a numerical method (fDAOE) which is powerful enough to provide an approximate answer to this question, and which is consistent with perturbative arguments in the limit of very weak interactions. Our algorithm, which adapts the existing dissipation-assisted operator evolution (DAOE) to fermions, is applicable to systems of interacting fermions at high temperatures. The algorithm approximates the exact dynamics by systematically discarding information from high n -point functions, and is tailored to capture noninteracting dynamics exactly. Applying our method to a microscopic model of interacting fermions, we numerically determine crossover timescales and diffusion constants for a wide range of interaction strengths. In the limit of weak interaction strength ( Δ ), we demonstrate that the crossover from ballistic to diffusive transport happens at a time tD∼1/Δ2 and that the diffusion constant similarly scales as D∼1/Δ2 . We confirm that these scalings are consistent with a perturbative Fermi's golden rule calculation, and we provide a heuristic operator-spreading picture for the crossover between ballistic and diffusive transport. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We study the thermal conductivity of the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model at a finite temperature using a density matrix renormalization group approach. The integrability of this model gives rise to ballistic thermal transport. We calculate the temperature dependence of the thermal Drude weight at half filling for various interaction strengths. The finite-frequency contributions originating from the fact that the energy current is not a conserved quantity are investigated as well. We report evidence that breaking the integrability through a nearest-neighbor interaction leads to vanishing Drude weights and diffusive energy transport. Moreover, we demonstrate that energy spreads ballistically in local quenches with initially inhomogeneous energy density profiles in the integrable case. We discuss the relevance of our results for thermalization in ultracold quantum-gas experiments and for transport measurements with quasi-one-dimensional materials.
We establish a general connection between ballistic and diffusive transport in systems where the ballistic contribution in the canonical ensemble vanishes. A lower bound on the Green-Kubo diffusion constant is derived in terms of the curvature of the ideal transport coefficient, the Drude weight, with respect to the filling parameter. As an application, we explicitly determine the lower bound on the high-temperature diffusion constant in the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain for anisotropy parameters Δ≥1, thus, settling the question of whether or not the transport is subdiffusive. Additionally, the lower bound is shown to saturate the diffusion constant for a certain classical integrable model.