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Inhomogeneous Light Shift Effects on Atomic Quantum State Evolution in Non-Destructive Measurements

Patrick Windpassinger, Daniel Oblak, Ulrich B. Hoff, Niels Kjærgaard, Eugene Simon Polzik

Published Jan 1, 2008• 12 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract. Various parameters of a trapped collection of cold and ultracold atoms can be determined non– destructively by measuring the phase shift of an off–resonant probe beam, caused by the state dependent index of refraction of the atoms. The dispersive light–atom interaction, however, gives rise to a differential light shift (AC Stark shift) between the atomic states which, for a nonuniform probe intensity distribution,

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Abstract. Various parameters of a trapped collection of cold and ultracold atoms can be determined non– destructively by measuring the phase shift of an off–resonant probe beam, caused by the state dependent index of refraction of the atoms. The dispersive light–atom interaction, however, gives rise to a differential light shift (AC Stark shift) between the atomic states which, for a nonuniform probe intensity distribution,
We have measured light shifts, also known as AC Stark shifts, as a function of laser intensity in cold Rubidium atoms by observing sub-natural linewidth gain and loss features in the transmission spectrum of a weak probe beam passing through the atomic sample. The observed energy-level shifts for atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) are found to be consistently higher than that obtained in optical molasses (i.e., when the magnetic field gradient in the MOT is turned off). Using a simple model of a multilevel Rubidium atom interacting with pump and probe beams, we have calculated the theoretical light shift as a function of intensity. A comparison of these calculated values with the light shift data obtained for molasses reveals good agreement between experiment and theory. Further, our model elucidates the role of the Zeeman shifts arising from the magnetic field gradient in the observed probe transmission spectrum for the MOT.
The dynamic Stark shift of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral transition has been studied. Our measurements show a shift in the observed 87 Rb ground-state hyperfine transition, which has a nonlinear dependence on light intensity when the conditions for inhomogeneous broadening are met. The nonlinearity is the result of light-intensity gradients in the signal volume, which produce an inhomogeneously broadened asymmetric microwave transition. We show that our measurements are in full agreement with the second-order perturbation-theory treatment of light-induced energy-level shifts when the effects of inhomogeneities are properly taken into consideration. The effects of inhomogeneous broadening must be carefully considered when one extracts oscillator strengths from light-shift data, or performs high-precision laser spectroscopy. Originator-supplied keywords include: AC stark effect, Atomic clocks, Atomic line shapes, Light shifts.
Abstract We develop a method for extracting the physical parameters of interest for a conventional dipole-trapped cold atomic ensemble. This technique uses the spatially dependent ac-Stark shift of the trap itself to project the atomic distribution onto a light-shift broadened transmission spectrum. We develop a model that connects the atomic distribution with the expected transmission spectrum. We then demonstrate the utility of the technique by deriving the temperature, trap depth, lifetime, and trapped atom number from data that was taken in a single shot experimental measurement.
We measure sub-MHz AC Stark shifts, also known as light shifts, in an undergraduate laboratory setting using Raman pump-probe spectroscopy to observe sub-natural linewidth spectral features in the transmission spectrum of a weak probe beam passing through a sample of cold 85Rb atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. To make this observation a pair of inexpensive fast photodiodes and acousto-optic modulators is needed, in addition to equipment commonly found in advanced undergraduate optics labs with laser cooling and atom trapping setups. A theoretical description of light shifts accessible to junior and senior-level physics majors is provided.