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The Inhomogeneous Light Shift in Alkali Atoms.

James C. Camparo, R. P. Frueholz, C. H. Volk

Published Jun 24, 1985• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The dynamic Stark shift of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral transition has been studied. Our measurements show a shift in the observed 87 Rb ground-state hyperfine transition, which has a nonlinear dependence on light intensity when the conditions for inhomogeneous broadening are met. The nonlinearity is the result of light-intensity gradients in the signal volume, which produce an inhomogeneously broadened asymmetric microwave transition. We show that our measurements are in full agreement with the second-order perturbation-theory treatment of light-induced energy-level shifts when the effects of inhomogeneities are properly taken into consideration. The effects of inhomogeneous broadening must be carefully considered when one extracts oscillator strengths from light-shift data, or performs high-precision laser spectroscopy. Originator-supplied keywords include: AC stark effect, Atomic clocks, Atomic line shapes, Light shifts.

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Inhomogeneous light shift in alkali-metal atoms

James C. Camparo, R. P. Frueholz, C. H. Volk

The dynamic Stark shift of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral transition has been studied. Our measurements show a shift in the observed $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ ground-state hyperfine transition which has a nonlinear dependence on light intensity when the conditions for inhomogeneous broadening are met. The nonlinearity is the result of light-intensity gradients in the signal volume, which produce an inhomogeneously broadened asymmetric microwave transition. We show that our measurements are in full agreement with the second-order perturbation-theory treatment of light-induced energy-level shifts, when the effects of inhomogeneities are properly taken into consideration. The effects of inhomogeneous broadening must be carefully considered when extracting oscillator strengths from light-shift data, or when performing high-precision laser spectroscopy.

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The energy shift of an atom due to its interaction with the oscillating electric field of an electromagnetic wave, or a laser light, is called the ac Stark shift. It has been studied both in the field of precision spectroscopy and atom optics. When the laser intensity is not constant spatially, its gradient gives rise to a dipole force. The force was used either to trap atoms in an optical trap or to reflect or guide atoms. We studied the ac Stark effect taking into account the fine structure of an alkali atom. We found that when the laser light is circularly polarized and properly detuned between the D1 and D2 transitions, the ac Stark shift can take the form of a pure Zeeman shift, hence the name analogous Zeeman shift.

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The time-dependent population dynamics of hyperfine (HF) sublevels of n 2 p 3 / 2 atomic states upon laser excitation in a cold medium of alkali atoms is examined. We demonstrate some peculiarities of the absorption HF multiplet formation in D2-line resulting from a long interaction time (∼200 μ s) interaction between light and Na ( n = 3 ) and Cs ( n = 6 ) atoms in a cold and slow sub-thermal ( T ∼ 1 K) beam. We analytically describe a number of D2-line-shape effects that are of interest in spectroscopic studies of cold dusty white dwarfs: broadening by optical pumping, intensity redistribution within components of D2-line HF multiplet for partially closed transitions and asymmetry of absorption lines induced by AC Stark shifts for cyclic transitions.

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Andrew Hudson, James C. Camparo

Vapor-phase atomic clocks and atomic magnetometers are achieving levels of stability and measurement precision today that would have been considered unrealistic in the not too distant past. To make further progress, researchers will need a more detailed understanding of vapor-phase atomic physics, in particular, the manner in which mesoscopic variations of atomic perturbations map onto the observed resonant phenomena: length scales larger than that of homogeneous quantum dynamics, where atoms within some localized region of the vapor all experience the same optical and microwave fields and collisional perturbations; but smaller than that of the vapor as a whole, where the atomic system is described in terms of (for example) vapor pressure, heat content, and optical depth. In this paper, we discuss the issue of mesoscopic physics as it manifests itself in vapor-phase collision-shift gradients affecting the 0-0 hyperfine transition of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$. We show that these gradients not only produce increased line broadening but lead to lineshape asymmetry and an increased sensitivity of the observed resonance to power-broadening. We develop a statistical theory describing the experimental results, and through that theory we show that mesoscopic atomic physics encompasses a broader class of phenomena than that described by the circumscribed term ``inhomogeneous broadening.''

Physical Review A•Oct 19, 2018•8 citations
The dynamic Stark shift of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral transition has been studied. Our measurements show a shift in the observed 87 Rb ground-state hyperfine transition, which has a nonlinear dependence on light intensity when the conditions for inhomogeneous broadening are met. The nonlinearity is the result of light-intensity gradients in the signal volume, which produce an inhomogeneously broadened asymmetric microwave transition. We show that our measurements are in full agreement with the second-order perturbation-theory treatment of light-induced energy-level shifts when the effects of inhomogeneities are properly taken into consideration. The effects of inhomogeneous broadening must be carefully considered when one extracts oscillator strengths from light-shift data, or performs high-precision laser spectroscopy. Originator-supplied keywords include: AC stark effect, Atomic clocks, Atomic line shapes, Light shifts.
The dynamic Stark shift of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral transition has been studied. Our measurements show a shift in the observed 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb ground-state hyperfine transition which has a nonlinear dependence on light intensity when the conditions for inhomogeneous broadening are met. The nonlinearity is the result of light-intensity gradients in the signal volume, which produce an inhomogeneously broadened asymmetric microwave transition. We show that our measurements are in full agreement with the second-order perturbation-theory treatment of light-induced energy-level shifts, when the effects of inhomogeneities are properly taken into consideration. The effects of inhomogeneous broadening must be carefully considered when extracting oscillator strengths from light-shift data, or when performing high-precision laser spectroscopy.
The ac Stark shift (also known as the ``light shift'') is one of the most important physical processes that arises in precision spectroscopy, affecting the basic understanding of field-matter interactions, measurements of fundamental constants, and even the atomic clocks onboard GPS satellites. Although the theory of the ac Stark shift was fully developed by the 1960s and 1970s, precision tests of theory have, for the most part, been few. Taking advantage of recent developments in atomic clock technology, specifically the pulsed approach to atomic signal generation, which allows frequency measurements with a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$, we demonstrate a methodology for measuring the ac Stark shift. Here, we report results from a precision examination of the ac Stark shift in a vapor phase system, examining the resonant frequency of the 87Rb^{87}\text{Rb}87Rb 0-0 hyperfine transition for a perturbing laser tuned over a broad optical frequency range (18 GHz) around the D1{D}_{1}D1​ absorption resonance. Over the full frequency range the agreement between semiclassical theory and experiment is very good (better than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), and in our experiments we test both the frequency dependence of the scalar and tensor components of the light shift.
The energy shift of an atom due to its interaction with the oscillating electric field of an electromagnetic wave, or a laser light, is called the ac Stark shift. It has been studied both in the field of precision spectroscopy and atom optics. When the laser intensity is not constant spatially, its gradient gives rise to a dipole force. The force was used either to trap atoms in an optical trap or to reflect or guide atoms. We studied the ac Stark effect taking into account the fine structure of an alkali atom. We found that when the laser light is circularly polarized and properly detuned between the D1 and D2 transitions, the ac Stark shift can take the form of a pure Zeeman shift, hence the name analogous Zeeman shift.
The time-dependent population dynamics of hyperfine (HF) sublevels of n 2 p 3 / 2 atomic states upon laser excitation in a cold medium of alkali atoms is examined. We demonstrate some peculiarities of the absorption HF multiplet formation in D2-line resulting from a long interaction time (∼200 μ s) interaction between light and Na ( n = 3 ) and Cs ( n = 6 ) atoms in a cold and slow sub-thermal ( T ∼ 1 K) beam. We analytically describe a number of D2-line-shape effects that are of interest in spectroscopic studies of cold dusty white dwarfs: broadening by optical pumping, intensity redistribution within components of D2-line HF multiplet for partially closed transitions and asymmetry of absorption lines induced by AC Stark shifts for cyclic transitions.
Vapor-phase atomic clocks and atomic magnetometers are achieving levels of stability and measurement precision today that would have been considered unrealistic in the not too distant past. To make further progress, researchers will need a more detailed understanding of vapor-phase atomic physics, in particular, the manner in which mesoscopic variations of atomic perturbations map onto the observed resonant phenomena: length scales larger than that of homogeneous quantum dynamics, where atoms within some localized region of the vapor all experience the same optical and microwave fields and collisional perturbations; but smaller than that of the vapor as a whole, where the atomic system is described in terms of (for example) vapor pressure, heat content, and optical depth. In this paper, we discuss the issue of mesoscopic physics as it manifests itself in vapor-phase collision-shift gradients affecting the 0-0 hyperfine transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. We show that these gradients not only produce increased line broadening but lead to lineshape asymmetry and an increased sensitivity of the observed resonance to power-broadening. We develop a statistical theory describing the experimental results, and through that theory we show that mesoscopic atomic physics encompasses a broader class of phenomena than that described by the circumscribed term ``inhomogeneous broadening.''