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IEEE Photonics Conference

Progress Toward Generation of Spatially-Entangled Photon Pairs in a Few-Mode Fiber

Afshin Shamsshooli, Cheng Guo, Michael Vasilyev, Francesca R. Parmigiani, Xiaoying Li

Published Sep 1, 2020• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Aiming at producing spatial-mode-entangled photon pairs in a few-mode fiber, we experimentally demonstrate generation of idler beam from a seed signal in a superposition of two fiber modes. For every signal mode superposition, we observe the indication of idler mode orthogonality to the signal mode.
DOI
10.1109/ipc47351.2020.9252314

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Optical fiber-based sources of photon pairs with hybrid entanglement across multiple degrees of freedom are essential for a wide range of quantum technologies, while remaining compatible with existing communication networks. In this paper, we use a birefringent few-mode fiber to demonstrate an intermodal-vectorial four-wave mixing process that generates two pairs of spectrally overlapping signal-idler bands. Using phase-matching conditions, we show that the pairs of bands become spectrally indistinguishable when the group refractive indices of the signal and idler modes intersect at the pump wavelength. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed through experimental observations and corroborated by numerical simulations. Furthermore, we introduce the two-photon state associated with the overlapping bands, which simultaneously exhibits entanglement in a single degree of freedom and hybrid entanglement across multiple degrees of freedom. We also explain how the type and degree of entanglement can be controlled by tailoring the spectral overlap between the signal-idler bands. This study presents a promising scheme for a fiber-based source of photon pairs with entanglement spanning the spatial, polarization, and frequency degrees of freedom.