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Toward a quantum-enhanced strontium optical lattice clock at INRIM

Marco G. Tarallo

Published Mar 11, 2020• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The new strontium atomic clock at INRIM seeks to establish a new frontier in quantum measurement by joining state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks and the quantized electromagnetic field provided by a cavity QED setup. The goal of our experiment is to apply advanced quantum techniques to state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity while preserving long coherence times and the highest accuracy. In this paper we describe the current status of the experiment and the prospected sensitivity gain for the designed cavity QED setup.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/202023000011/pdf

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The new strontium atomic clock at INRIM seeks to establish a new frontier in quantum measurement by joining state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks and the quantized electromagnetic field provided by a cavity QED setup. The goal of our experiment is to apply advanced quantum techniques to state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity while preserving long coherence times and the highest accuracy. In this paper we describe the current status of the experiment and the prospected sensitivity gain for the designed cavity QED setup.
The new strontium atomic clock at INRIM seeks to establish a new frontier in quantum measurement by joining state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks and the quantized electromagnetic field provided by a cavity QED setup. The goal of our experiment is to apply advanced quantum techniques to state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity while preserving long coherence times and the highest accuracy. In this paper we describe the current status of the experiment and the prospected sensitivity gain for the designed cavity QED setup.
We report on the status of the strontium optical lattice clock at INRIM and its development towards a cavity-enhanced optical frequency standard exploiting quantum techniques. We have recently developed a novel method to perform high-fidelity spectral purity transfer based on serrodyne optical frequency shifting. We estimated the phase noise induced by the modulation setup by developing a novel composite self-heterodyne interferometer. The consequent short-term stability of our clock is presented, showing collision-limited interaction time in the bosonic88Sr clock. We also outline the progress towards a cavity-enhanced optical lattice clock. We present a numerical study on collective spin-squeezed states produced by QND continuous measurement of a lossy cavity and its relevance for a Sr optical lattice clock.
Strontium optical lattice clocks represent the current state of the art in precise measurement of time. By trapping atoms at the antinodes of a one dimensional interference pattern of light, frequency shifts associated with the absorption and re-emission of photons used to probe the narrow linewidth clock transition can be avoided. In such a periodic system atoms develop a motional bandstructure analogous to electrons in condensed matter systems. By studying the behavior of atoms in the optical lattice we can, by analogy, gain understanding into the behavior of electrons in the solid state. Indeed, we can perform experiments which cannot be done in the real bulk material by controlling parameters which are impossible to change in macroscopic solids. \n \nIn this work we report on modifications to the existing strontium optical lattice clock experiment which have allowed the study of spin-orbit coupling. By dynamically ramping the intensity of one lattice beam during an experimental cycle we can study a regime in which the inter-site hopping rate J is sufficiently large that an atoms internal state can become coupled to its quasimomentum. The design requirements of the changes and the preliminary results are discussed.
We present the advancement toward the realization of a new optical clock apparatus based on ultracold strontium atoms. The atomic source employs a novel design based on two dimensional magneto optical trapping which is advantageous because of the suppression of thermal atoms in the interrogation volume, and the elimination of hot BBR in the view of the science cell. Compact frequency stabilization of cooling and trapping lasers is achieved via single PDH lock to a three-color ultrastable optical resonator. We also study different lattice topologies to operate the ultracold atomic ensemble in the high-cooperativity regime toward sub-quantum projection noise instability and millihertz-linewidth frequency stabilization by cavity QED.
We report on the development of a new compact strontium optical lattice clock employing a 2D-MOT as cold atomic source. The clock system reliability is currently studied using the most abundant isotope, the bosonic88Sr. More than 10588Sr atoms are loaded in the optical lattice at 813 nm at temperatures of few microKelvin. All the needed optical frequencies are stabilized to a zero-CTE high finesse optical resonator, and can be operated without frequency adjustments for weeks. The system shows the advantage of optical guiding and switching the atomic source to the clock spectroscopy region by demonstrating more than 17 s lifetime. First spectroscopy tests on the clock transition on88Sr atoms has been performed by magnetic-field induced spectroscopy.
Abstract : We have established the strontium molecular clock as the leading ultracold-molecule precision measurement platform. We can fully control the molecules internal and external quantum states, as in state-of-the-art atomic lattice clocks. Using the quantized molecular spectra in an optical lattice, we devised a new lattice thermometry method that is advantageous for many lattice experiments, including clocks and manybody physics studies. The full quantum control allowed us to observe deeply subradiant molecular states, and coherently control them. We measured lifetimes enhanced by up to 300 times. Ultranarrow transitions to these states permitted a rigorous study of asymptotic physics at the atom-molecule threshold. We proved that subradiant states can decay to the ground state via higher-order electromagnetic transitions, with a rate that grows as the square of the bond length, and are quenched by predissociation at a rate proportional to the vibrational level spacing. We introduced a precise technique for measuring molecular binding energies via photofragmentation; controlled forbidden optical transition strengths with weak magnetic fields by five orders of magnitude; and explained anomalously large magnetic susceptibilities of the asymptotic molecules. The unprecedented precision, coupled with advanced ab initio theory, paves the way to exciting new directions for the molecular clock.