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Four-wave mixing in a ring cavity

Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Jesse W. Evans, Dmitry Budker, Simon Rochester, Irina V. Novikova, A Dmitry Budker, D Simon M. Rochester, Irina Novikovaa

Published Jan 16, 2016• 13 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract. We investigate a four-wave-mixing process in an N interaction scheme in Rb vapor placed inside a low-finesse ring cavity. We observe strong amplification and generation of a probe signal, circulating in the cav-ity, in the presence of two strong optical pump fields. We study the variations in probe field gain and dispersion as functions of experimental parameters with an eye on the potential application of such a system for enhanced rotation measurements. Density-matrix calculations are performed to model the system and are shown to pro-vide good qualitative agreement with the experiment. © 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.53.10.102709]

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Four-wave mixing in a ring cavity

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We investigate a four-wave-mixing process in an N interaction scheme in Rb vapor placed inside a low-finesse ring cavity. We observe strong amplification and generation of a probe signal, circulating in the cavity, in the presence of two strong optical pump fields. We study the variations in probe field gain and dispersion as functions of experimental parameters with an eye on the potential application of such a system for enhanced rotation measurements. Density-matrix calculations are performed to model the system and are shown to provide good qualitative agreement with the experiment.

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We have incorporated a ring cavity to enhance the efficiency of parametric four-wave mixing in rubidium (Rb). Using an input coupler with 95% reflectance, a finesse of 19.6±0.5 is achieved with an Rb cell inside. This increases the circulating intensity by a factor of 5.6±0.5, and through two-photon excitation on the 5s1/2→5d5/2 transition with a single excitation laser, up to 1.9±0.3 mW of power at 420 nm is generated, 50 times what was previously generated with this scheme and comparable to low-power two-step excitation. The dependence of the output on the Rb density and input power has been explored, suggesting the process may be approaching saturation. The blue output of the cavity also shows greatly improved spatial quality, combining to make this a promising source of 420 nm light for future experiments.

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We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency dark-state field can be significantly amplified with the characteristic three-peak structure unchanged by a four-wave mixing process in an optical ring cavity containing four-level double-Λ Doppler-broadened rubidium atoms. The intracavity dispersion and absorption/gain properties are used to qualitatively explain this cavity resonance structure. The amplification is saturated at a relatively high pump laser power, and the dark-state peak position is shifted due to the ac-Stark effect.

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•Jan 1, 1989•0 citations

Coherent two-field spectroscopy of degenerate two-level systems

A. Lezama, S. Barreiro, A. Lipsich +1 more

Spectroscopic features revealing the coherent interaction of a degenerate two-level atomic system with two optical fields are examined. A model for the numerical calculation of the response of a degenerate two-level system to the action of an arbitrarily intense resonant pump field and a weak probe in the presence of a magnetic field is presented. The model is valid for arbitrary values of the total angular momentum of the lower and upper levels and for any choice of the polarizations of the optical waves. Closed and open degenerate two-level systems are considered. Predictions for probe absorption and dispersion, field generation by four-wave mixing, population modulation, and Zeeman optical pumping are derived. On all these observables, subnatural-width coherence resonances are predicted and their spectroscopic features are discussed. Experimental spectra for probe absorption and excited-state population modulation in the ${D}_{2}$ line of Rb vapor are presented in good agreement with the calculations.

Physical Review A•Dec 8, 1999•87 citations
Abstract. We investigate a four-wave-mixing process in an N interaction scheme in Rb vapor placed inside a low-finesse ring cavity. We observe strong amplification and generation of a probe signal, circulating in the cav-ity, in the presence of two strong optical pump fields. We study the variations in probe field gain and dispersion as functions of experimental parameters with an eye on the potential application of such a system for enhanced rotation measurements. Density-matrix calculations are performed to model the system and are shown to pro-vide good qualitative agreement with the experiment. © 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.53.10.102709]
We investigate a four-wave-mixing process in an N interaction scheme in Rb vapor placed inside a low-finesse ring cavity. We observe strong amplification and generation of a probe signal, circulating in the cavity, in the presence of two strong optical pump fields. We study the variations in probe field gain and dispersion as functions of experimental parameters with an eye on the potential application of such a system for enhanced rotation measurements. Density-matrix calculations are performed to model the system and are shown to provide good qualitative agreement with the experiment.
We have incorporated a ring cavity to enhance the efficiency of parametric four-wave mixing in rubidium (Rb). Using an input coupler with 95% reflectance, a finesse of 19.6±0.5 is achieved with an Rb cell inside. This increases the circulating intensity by a factor of 5.6±0.5, and through two-photon excitation on the 5s1/2→5d5/2 transition with a single excitation laser, up to 1.9±0.3 mW of power at 420 nm is generated, 50 times what was previously generated with this scheme and comparable to low-power two-step excitation. The dependence of the output on the Rb density and input power has been explored, suggesting the process may be approaching saturation. The blue output of the cavity also shows greatly improved spatial quality, combining to make this a promising source of 420 nm light for future experiments.
Spectroscopic features revealing the coherent interaction of a degenerate two-level atomic system with two optical fields are examined. A model for the numerical calculation of the response of a degenerate two-level system to the action of an arbitrarily intense resonant pump field and a weak probe in the presence of a magnetic field is presented. The model is valid for arbitrary values of the total angular momentum of the lower and upper levels and for any choice of the polarizations of the optical waves. Closed and open degenerate two-level systems are considered. Predictions for probe absorption and dispersion, field generation by four-wave-mixing, population modulation and Zeeman optical pumping are derived. On all these observables, sub-natural-width coherence resonances are predicted and their spectroscopic features are discussed. Experimental spectra for probe absorption and excited state population modulation in the D2 line of Rb vapor are presented in good agreement with the calculations
We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency dark-state field can be significantly amplified with the characteristic three-peak structure unchanged by a four-wave mixing process in an optical ring cavity containing four-level double-Λ Doppler-broadened rubidium atoms. The intracavity dispersion and absorption/gain properties are used to qualitatively explain this cavity resonance structure. The amplification is saturated at a relatively high pump laser power, and the dark-state peak position is shifted due to the ac-Stark effect.
Two spectral regions of gain exist for a weak probe beam propagating through a medium of two-level-atoms pumped by a strong near-resonance field. Experimentally a cw ring-dye laser is used to explore this gain at the Na D₂ resonance in a vapor. Plane-wave calculations of probe-gain spectra which include the Doppler broadening inherent in a vapor agree well with experimental spectra obtained with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Such two-beam-coupling gain might have applications as optical pre- or power amplifiers. The gain is also the primary step in four-wave-mixing. Mixing of the pump and sideband which experiences gain produces the medium polarization from which the fourth-wave arises. For phase-matched propagation the fourth-wave, which is at a frequency that experiences little or negative probe-gain (i.e., absorption), grows at nearly the same rate as the primary sideband. Together the two sidebands extract far more than twice as much energy from the pump than does the primary sideband acting alone. Experimentally four-wave-mixing which arises from noise at the gain-sideband-frequency is sometimes accompanied by conical emission at the fourth-wave sideband. Since this sideband is also seen on axis the explanation cannot be simply phase-matching. Simulations which include the full transverse nature of the experiment are currently running on a CRAY supercomputer. These simulations indicate that the radial variation of the medium index of refraction is responsible for conical emission.
Spectroscopic features revealing the coherent interaction of a degenerate two-level atomic system with two optical fields are examined. A model for the numerical calculation of the response of a degenerate two-level system to the action of an arbitrarily intense resonant pump field and a weak probe in the presence of a magnetic field is presented. The model is valid for arbitrary values of the total angular momentum of the lower and upper levels and for any choice of the polarizations of the optical waves. Closed and open degenerate two-level systems are considered. Predictions for probe absorption and dispersion, field generation by four-wave mixing, population modulation, and Zeeman optical pumping are derived. On all these observables, subnatural-width coherence resonances are predicted and their spectroscopic features are discussed. Experimental spectra for probe absorption and excited-state population modulation in the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of Rb vapor are presented in good agreement with the calculations.