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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Analysis on the Mechanism of Superconducting Quantum Computer

Yuhui Wang

Published Sep 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Nowadays the quantum computer has been drawing public attention, and how to realize a quantum computer is one of the difficult problems. However, superconducting circuit is a good system for solving the physics of quantum computers, as it has a solid development history and a perfect fit with quantum computers. In this paper, the development history of the superconducting quantum computer will be reviewed. In addition, the Josephson junction is the basis of superconducting quantum computation, based on which as well as in combination with DiVincenzo’s five requirements, superconducting quantum computers have a great potential. For the main part, the advantages and disadvantages of superconducting a quantum computer are analyzed. Some suggestions are also given and the future of superconducting computer is predicted. In conclusion, the superconducting system is found to be a suitable system for quantum computers.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1634/1/012040

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Abstract Nowadays the quantum computer has been drawing public attention, and how to realize a quantum computer is one of the difficult problems. However, superconducting circuit is a good system for solving the physics of quantum computers, as it has a solid development history and a perfect fit with quantum computers. In this paper, the development history of the superconducting quantum computer will be reviewed. In addition, the Josephson junction is the basis of superconducting quantum computation, based on which as well as in combination with DiVincenzo’s five requirements, superconducting quantum computers have a great potential. For the main part, the advantages and disadvantages of superconducting a quantum computer are analyzed. Some suggestions are also given and the future of superconducting computer is predicted. In conclusion, the superconducting system is found to be a suitable system for quantum computers.
Nowadays, with the continuous progress of science and technology, the role of quantum computers has received more attention and gradually become a part of national strategies. Many countries, such as the United States, China, and Japan, have invested a lot of resources in research and development, striving to make breakthroughs and take the lead in this field, in order to meet the coming of the future computing era. Superconducting quantum computers are the most widely used computers at the moment. Based on the introduction of Josephson junction, the physical principle of superconducting quantum computers, this paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of multiple quantum bits as well as the algorithms of various quantum gates in superconducting quantum computers. Moreover, the author also looks forward to the development of the related technologies of superconducting quantum computers. Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward for some current problems.
Superconducting quantum computers have the advantages of mature chip processing technology,high system integration,and good scalability.However,superconducting quantum computing needs to increase the quantum integration of chips and ensure decoherence time of quantum chips to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing.The advancement of superconducting quantum chips is analyzed,and the physical mechanism,advantages and disadvantages of superconducting quantum bus are presented,and several basic quantum bits characteristics are studied.The coupling scheme is discussed between superconducting qubits,including local and non-local coupling.Analysis results on mainstream expansion and layout schemes in recent years show that quantum algorithm programming is suitable for one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrays,while maximum entanglement and full coupling use wraparound expansion schemes to achieve large-scale,high-efficiency quantum to provied an idea for the design of the computational chip.
The superconducting qubit quantum computer is one of the most promising quantum computing architectures for large-scale integration due to its maturity and close proximity to the well-established semiconductor manufacturing infrastructure. From an education perspective, it also bridges classical microwave electronics and quantum electrodynamics. In this paper, we will review the basics of quantum computers, superconductivity, and Josephson junctions. We then introduce important technologies and concepts related to DiVincenzo's criteria, which are the necessary conditions for the superconducting qubits to work as a useful quantum computer. Firstly, we will discuss various types of superconducting qubits formed with Josephson junctions, from which we will understand the trade-off across multiple design parameters, including their noise immunity. Secondly, we will discuss different schemes to achieve entanglement gate operations, which are a major bottleneck in achieving more efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing. Thirdly, we will review readout engineering, including the implementations of the Purcell filters and quantum-limited amplifiers. Finally, we will discuss the nature and review the studies of two-level system defects, which are currently the limiting factor of qubit coherence time. DiVincenzo's criteria are only the necessary conditions for a technology to be eligible for quantum computing. To have a useful quantum computer, large-scale integration is required. We will review proposals and developments for the large-scale integration of superconducting qubit devices. By comparing with the application of electronic design automation (EDA) in semiconductors, we will also review the use of EDA in superconducting qubit quantum computer design, which is necessary for its large-scale integration.
Quantum computers are based on the theory of quantum mechanics, and their powerful parallel data processing capability is expected to solve many mathematical problems that too are difficult to be handled by classical computers. Especially with the increase of data processing volume, the quantum advantage is more obvious. Among the many physical systems for quantum computers, superconducting quantum circuit and semiconductor quantum dot computers show amazing potential due to their compatibility with traditional integrated circuit process technology and ultrashort gating time of nanoseconds. Superconducting qubits consisting of Josephson junctions and superconducting coplanar capacitors are easily integrated into a large scale for their simple circuit structure and conventional semiconductor process compatibility. Semiconductor qubits made from isotopically purified silicon (Si)-based materials greatly suppress nuclear spin noise, and decoherence times of ultralong milliseconds can be achieved. In this article, we systematically describe the challenges faced by superconducting qubits and semiconductor qubits in hot issues such as error correction and decoherence and look into the future development of superconducting quantum computers and Si-based semiconductor quantum computers.
Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions can exhibit macroscopic quantum coherence.Quantum computation with superconducting circuits is one of the most important research directions in the field of quantum information.Moreover,the study of the physical properties of superconducting circuits is an interdisciplinary area of both condensed matter physics and quantum optics.A brief overview is presented of the main results and advancements achieved so far,as well as future prospects,in the area of superconducting quantum computation.
This article reviews the development of studies on quantum computers.It emphasizes that realizing large-scale quantum computing and quantum simulation for strongly correlated many body systems is the main trend of development of quantum computation.In the main part of this article,we introduce the development of hardware of quantum computers.We focus on some qubit systems with scalability:quantum dots,superconducting Josephson junction,ion trap,and cavity QED,generally, which are considered as main candidates of physical realizations for quantum computers.Studies on those systems are attracting primary experimental groups in the field of quantum computation.We review the main advances in characterizing and manipulating qubits in those systems.We also highlight some difficulties for realizing large-scale quantum computing and some potential solving methods.