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Journal of Russian Laser Research

Virtual Photons as Quanta of Electromagnetic Interaction, Quantum Indeterminacy, and Uncertainty Relations

Vladimir N. Murzin, Ljudmila Yu. Shchurova

Published Nov 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10946-020-09914-5

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In previous studies, It is said that the interaction of elementary particles is caused by the absorption and emission of virtual particles as quantum fluctuations that exist under the limitation of the uncertainty principle. For example, it is said that electromagnetic interaction is generated by the exchange of virtual photons by charged particles, and Coulomb force is generated. In this paper, we suppose that the possibility of the existence of interacting ”real” particles themselves, rather than the mathematically assumed particles called ”virtual particles”, is distributed at all points in space by the uncertainty principle. And then, we try to describe how the interaction occurs due to the ”collision of possibility of existence of particle” of the particles. Also, using the semiclassical method,and heat field theory.under the condition that the density displayed by the distribution function is preserved. In this way, we discuss the transformation of quantum orbitals into systems that can be described as classical trajectory.
\abstract{The Lamb shift, one of the most fundamental interactions in atomic physics, arises from the interaction of H atoms with the electromagnetic fluctuations of the quantum vacuum. The energy shift has been computed in a variety of ways. The energy shift, as Feynman and Power demonstrated, equals the change in the vacuum energy in the volume containing the H atoms due to the change in the index of refraction arising from the presence of the H atoms. By using this result and a group theoretical calculation of the contribution to the Lamb shift from each frequency of the vacuum fluctuations, we can obtain an expression for the size of the region of vacuum energy for each frequency \texorpdfstring{ωωω}{ω} around the H atom due to the Lamb shift. The ground state atom is surrounded by a region of positive vacuum energy that extends well beyond the atom for low frequencies. This region can be described as a steady state cloud of virtual quanta. For energies \texorpdfstring{E=ℏωE=\hbarωE=ℏω}{E=hbar omega} eV less than 1 eV, the radius of the positive energy region is approximately 14. 4/E Angstroms. For a vacuum fluctuation of wavelength \texorpdfstring{λλλ}{lambda} the radius is \texorpdfstring{(α/2π)λ(α/2π)λ(α/2π)λ}{(alpha/2pi) lambda}. Thus, for long wavelengths, the region has macroscopic dimensions. The energy-time Uncertainty Relation predicts a maximum possible radius that is larger than this by a factor of \texorpdfstring{1/4α1/ 4α1/4α}{1/(4 alpha)}.} \keyword{Bethe; radiative shift; shift spectral density; spectral volume; vacuum fluctuations; vacuum field; Lamb shift; QED; energy field, renormalization, zero point fluctuations; hydrogen atom}.