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Modern Physics Letters A

Hierarchical controlled quantum communication via the χ state under noisy environment

Nian-Nian Wang, Song-Ya Ma, Xiang Li

Published Oct 29, 2020• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Wang et al. first studied hierarchical quantum information splitting of an arbitrary single-qubit state via the [Formula: see text] state as the entangled channel. There exists a hierarchy among the three receivers as far as the power to recover the teleported state is concerned. But the scheme is considered in ideal environment. In this paper, we reinvestigate the scheme in amplitude-damping and phase-damping noises. The fidelity and average fidelity are adopted to quantify the effect of noise. It is found that they are both dependent on the coefficients of the teleported state and the noise parameter. Moreover, we put forward a novel deterministic scheme to realize hierarchical controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state. Comparing with the previous scheme via the [Formula: see text] state, the sender does not need to perform information dividing due to the subtly constructed measurement basis. We also consider the proposed scheme under noisy environment.

DOI
10.1142/s021773232050306x

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Wang et al. first studied hierarchical quantum information splitting of an arbitrary single-qubit state via the [Formula: see text] state as the entangled channel. There exists a hierarchy among the three receivers as far as the power to recover the teleported state is concerned. But the scheme is considered in ideal environment. In this paper, we reinvestigate the scheme in amplitude-damping and phase-damping noises. The fidelity and average fidelity are adopted to quantify the effect of noise. It is found that they are both dependent on the coefficients of the teleported state and the noise parameter. Moreover, we put forward a novel deterministic scheme to realize hierarchical controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state. Comparing with the previous scheme via the [Formula: see text] state, the sender does not need to perform information dividing due to the subtly constructed measurement basis. We also consider the proposed scheme under noisy environment.
Quantum communication is one of the cutting-edge research areas today, where the scheme of Remote State Preparation (RSP) has caught significant attention of researchers. A number of different schemes of RSP have already been proposed so far. We propose here a hierarchical RSP protocol for sending a two-qubit entangled state using a seven-qubit highly entangled state derived from Brown et al. state. We have also studied here the effects of two well known noise models namely amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD) that affect the quantum communication channel used for the protocol. An investigation on the variation of fidelity of the state with respect to the noise operator and the receiver is made. PD noise is found to affect the fidelity more than the AD noise and the higher power receiver, obtains the state with higher fidelity than the lower power receiver under the effect of noise. To the best of our knowledge, we believe that we have achieved the highest fidelity for the higher power receiver, 0.89 in the presence of maximum AD noise and 0.72 in the presence of maximum PD noise, compared to all the previously proposed RSP protocols in noisy environments. The study of noise is described in a very pedagogical manner for better understanding of the application of noise models to a communication protocol.
Quantum communication is one of the cutting‐edge research areas today, where the scheme of remote state preparation (RSP) has drawn significant attention of researchers. The authors propose here a hierarchical RSP protocol for sending a two‐qubit entangled state using a seven‐qubit highly entangled state derived from Brown et al . state. They have also studied here the effects of two well‐known noise models namely amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD). An investigation on the variation of the fidelity of the state with respect to the noise operator and receiver is made. PD noise is found to affect the fidelity more than the AD noise. Furthermore, the higher power receiver obtains the state with higher fidelity than the lower power receiver under the effect of noise. To the best of their knowledge, they believe that they have achieved the highest fidelity for the higher power receiver, 0.89 in the presence of maximum AD noise and 0.72 in the presence of maximum PD noise, compared to all the previously proposed RSP protocols in noisy environments. The study of noise is described in a very pedagogical manner for a better understanding of the application of noise models to a communication protocol.
Abstract This paper puts forward a novel hierarchical controlled asymmetric bidirectional hybrid quantum communication scheme that can be applied to hierarchical quantum information transmission tasks in various application scenarios. In this scheme, with only Charlie’s assistance, Alice can accomplish the less crucial task of remotely preparing any single-qubit state for Bob. Simultaneously, Bob aims to transmit any two-qubit states to Alice via quantum teleportation. As a more vital communication task, apart from obtaining the consent of the control agent Charlie, Bob also requires the help of another control agent, David. Only with the combined control and support of Charlie and David can this task be successfully completed by Bob. In an ideal environment, the success rate of this protocol is 1. Given that noise is inevitable in practical communication, this paper further investigates the impact of different noises on this communication scheme and analyzes and compares its efficiency with other existing similar schemes. The proposed protocol outperforms existing hierarchical quantum communication solutions in terms of task generality and flexibility. By assigning different levels of controllers to different tasks, it provides users with greater flexibility to meet their specific needs, especially in scenarios requiring both multi-level authorization control and hybrid quantum communication.
A scheme is proposed for cyclic-controlled quantum operation teleportation (CCQOT) for three sides with EPR and cluster states. Under the control of David, Alice can implement an unknown single-qubit unitary operation on the remote Bob’s quantum system, while Bob can execute a single-qubit unitary operation on Charlie’s quantum system and Charlie can also perform an unknown single-qubit unitary operation on Alice’s quantum system. Our scheme can be generalized to [Formula: see text]) agents involved in the cycle to realize the transmission of single-qubit operations. Moreover, by replacing the quantum channels, we can change the cyclic direction of controlled qunatum operation teleportation (CQOT) from clockwise to counterclockwise. In addition, we discuss our scheme in four types of noisy environments (amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environment), and use fidelity to analyze the amount of information lost in the process of CCQOT due to noise. The results show that the fidelity is determined by decoherence rate and amplitude parameters of the final state.
Abstract Driven by the development of quantum communication networks toward multi-user and high-security scenarios, this paper investigates controlled cyclic teleportation (CCT) in high-dimensional systems with diverse control modes. Three peer-level control models and two hierarchical control models are investigated, each with three users and three controllers. The corresponding CCT protocols are designed by establishing suitable entangled channels from an initial nine-qudit state. Classical information encoding is skillfully employed to reduce the classical communication overhead. Under the authorization of the controllers, each sender can deterministically teleport an arbitrary single-qudit state to her adjacent receiver. The receivers’ recovery operations are given by general expressions that explicitly reveal the dependence on the measurement outcomes. In addition, we systematically analyze the influence of amplitude damping noise in the three-dimensional system and improve the fidelity using environment-assisted measurement (EAM). Given favorable environmental measurement outcomes and successful reversal operations, the EAM strategy can conditionally restore unit fidelity under the optimal reversal condition, with the corresponding success probability explicitly quantified. Compared with existing CCT protocols, the proposed protocols are applicable to arbitrary-dimensional quantum states, support richer control modes within a unified framework, and provide quantitatively characterized anti-noise performance.
Abstract This paper proposes a hierarchical controlled bidirectional hybrid quantum information transmission (HCBHQIT) protocol for arbitrary two-qubit states based on a special ten-qubit entangled state. The protocol implements a hierarchical control mechanism where high-level agent Alice can complete quantum teleportation of any unknown two-qubit state to Bob with only one controller Charlie’s assistance, while low-level agent Bob requires collaborative control from both Charlie and an additional controller David to remotely prepare arbitrary known two-qubit states at Alice’s location (with Alice remaining completely unaware of the state). We comprehensively analyze protocol implementation in noisy environments, particularly examining fidelity degradation under various noise conditions, and calculate the intrinsic efficiency through comparative evaluations. The scheme innovatively integrates multi-level control architecture with bidirectional hybrid communication technology over a shared quantum channel, with detailed discussions for both ideal and noisy scenarios. Demonstrated to maintain practical value across multiple application scenarios, this protocol advances controllable quantum communication systems through its hierarchical access management and dual-directional information transfer capabilities.