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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Real and imaginary cat states of graphene and some of their properties

P. Ghosh, Pinaki Roy

Published Sep 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper we construct real and imaginary cat states of graphene and examine some properties of such states. It has been shown that these cat states exhibit nonclassical features like oscillation of the distribution function, sub-Poissonian statistics and quadrature squeezing.
DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/131/68004

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Abstract Using exfoliation of graphite, bilayer graphene which is composed of two monolayers of carbon atoms can be obtained. Defining annihilation operator, coherent states for charge carrier of bilayer graphene in a perpendicular magnetic field can be calculated. In this paper, introducing even and odd superposition of bilayer graphene coherent states, we investigate their non-classical properties including entanglement, statistical properties and squeezing. With the use of Concurrence, we have found that these states are entangled and the entanglement goes to zero for large values of coherency parameter. Also, using Mandel parameter and second coherence function, we have realized that only odd states represent sub-Poissonian statistics in some ranges of coherency parameter. In addition, our squeezing considerations show that none of the states exhibits squeezing in quadrature operators. The results of these properties for bilayer graphene coherent states, are different from the similar calculations for monolayer ones.
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We study several classical-like properties of qqq-deformed nonlinear coherent states as well as nonclassical behaviors of qqq-deformed version of the Schr\"odinger cat states in noncommutative space. Coherent states in qqq-deformed space are found to be minimum uncertainty states together with the squeezed photon distributions unlike the ordinary systems, where the photon distributions are always Poissonian. Several advantages of utilizing cat states in noncommutative space over the standard quantum mechanical spaces have been reported here. For instance, the qqq-deformed parameter has been utilized to improve the squeezing of the quadrature beyond the ordinary case. Most importantly, the parameter provides an extra degree of freedom by which we achieve both quadrature squeezed and number squeezed cat states at the same time in a single system, which is impossible to achieve from ordinary cat states.