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Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Non-Interactive Fair Deniable Authentication Protocols with Indistinguishable Confidentiality and Anonymity

Shin‐Jia Hwang, Jen-Fu Chi

Published Jan 1, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Many proposed non-interactive deniable authentication protocols providing anonymity assume that the sender and receiver know each other in advance. To protect sensitive transmitted identity data, Hwang and Sung proposed the first non-interactive deniable authentication protocol with message confidentiality, anonymity, and fair protection. However, the underlying assumption of anonymity with Hwang and Sung's protocols is impractical because the sender and receiver are anonymous. Moreover, the message confidentiality of Hwang and Sung's protocol is only indistinguishably secure against chosen plaintext attacks. To remove this inappropriate assumption, this study proposes a non-interactive fair deniable authentication protocol with anonymity and indistinguishable message confidentiality against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks. This novel protocol is more suitable for practical application.

DOI
10.6180/jase.2013.16.3.10

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Many proposed non-interactive deniable authentication protocols providing anonymity assume that the sender and receiver know each other in advance. To protect sensitive transmitted identity data, Hwang and Sung proposed the first non-interactive deniable authentication protocol with message confidentiality, anonymity, and fair protection. However, the underlying assumption of anonymity with Hwang and Sung's protocols is impractical because the sender and receiver are anonymous. Moreover, the message confidentiality of Hwang and Sung's protocol is only indistinguishably secure against chosen plaintext attacks. To remove this inappropriate assumption, this study proposes a non-interactive fair deniable authentication protocol with anonymity and indistinguishable message confidentiality against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks. This novel protocol is more suitable for practical application.
Deniable authentication protocols satisfy two basic properties: Deniability and the specifiable receiver properties. However, the deniability also damages the sender right. To protect senders, Hwang and Ma first proposed deniable authentication with anonymous sender protection. The sender’s anonymity is also used to protect the sender’s privacy. To reduce the computation cost, an efficient deniable authentication protocol is proposed. Our new protocol not only achieves the two properties but also provides the protection of sender and receiver to keep the privacy of the sender and receiver. Though the sent message is forgeable by receivers, but the sender can provide evidence to prove the message was really sent by him/her. Due to the efficient performance, our protocol is more practical than the other protocols in the real world.
Intended receiver and deniability properties are two basic properties satisfied by deniable authentication protocols. Recently, a deniable authentication protocol with sender protection is proposed to protect the right of the real sender. In other words, the sender can prove that he/she really sent the message to guard against circumvention by some receivers. However, the honest receiver still suffers the circumventing risk due to the senders' deniability. If the sender sent a deniable authenticated message to the innocent receiver and claimed that the message was generated by receivers. Then the receiver has nothing to convince the others that he/she is innocent. To provide fair protection and anonymity both for senders and receivers, a new deniable authentication protocol with anonymous fair protection is proposed.
Deniable authentication protocol allows a sender to deny his/her involvement after the protocol run and a receiver can identify the true source of a given message.Meanwhile, the receiver has no ability to convince any third party of the fact that the message was sent by the specific sender.However, most of the proposed protocols didn't achieve confidentiality of the transmitted message.But, in some special application scenarios such as e-mail system, electronic voting and Internet negotiations, not only the property of deniable authentication but also message confidentiality are needed.To settle this problem, in this paper, we present a non-interactive identity-based deniable authenticated encryption (IBDAE) scheme using pairings.We give the security model and formal proof of the presented IBDAE scheme in the random oracle model under bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) assumption.
In a multi-receiver encryption system, a sender chooses a set of authorized receivers and sends them a message securely and efficiently, as the message is well encrypted and only one ciphertext corresponding to the message is generated no matter how many receivers the sender has chosen. It can be applied to video conferencing systems, pay-per-view channels, remote education, and so forth. Due to privacy considerations, an authorized receiver may not expect that his identity is revealed. In 2010, anonymous multi-receiver identity-based (ID-based) encryption was first discussed, and furthermore, many works on the topic have been presented so far. Unfortunately, we find that all of those schemes fail to prove the chosen ciphertext attacks (CCA) security in either confidentiality or anonymity. In this manuscript, we propose the first anonymous multi-receiver ID-based authenticated encryption scheme with CCA security in both confidentiality and anonymity. In the proposed scheme, the identity of the sender of a ciphertext can be authenticated by the receivers after a successful decryption. In addition, the proposed scheme also is the first CCA-secure one against insider attacks. Moreover, only one pairing computation is required in decryption.
Abstract: Deniable authenticated protocol is a new and attractive protocol compared to the traditional authentication protocol. It allows the appointed receiver to identify the source of a given message, but not to prove the identity of the sender to a third party even if the appointed receiver is willing to reveal its private key. In this paper, we first define a security model for certificateless deniable authentication protocols. Then we propose a non-interactive certificateless deniable authentication protocol, by combining deniable authentication protocol with certificateless cryptography. In addition, we prove its security in the random oracle model.
Anonymous multi-receiver identity-based encryption can protect the receiver identity privacy and message confidentiality. Thus, it can be used in many fields, such as Voice over Internet Protocol and pay-TV systems. In 2012, Chien improved an anonymous multi-receiver identity-based encryption scheme. This paper points out that Chien's scheme does not satisfy the indistinguishability of encryptions under selective multi-identity, chosen ciphertext attacks. The analysis is important for understanding the security risks.