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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Rydberg antiblockade regimes: Dynamics and applications

Shi‐Lei Su, F.-Q. Guo, Jin‐Lei Wu, Z. Jin, Xiao‐Qiang Shao, Shou Zhang

Published Sep 17, 2020• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) allows more than one Rydberg atom to be excited in the presence of Rydberg-Rydberg interaction (RRI) and has many potential applications in quantum optics, many-body physics and quantum information. In this paper, we would review the conditions and possible applications of different types of RAB regimes under weak, intermediate and strong RRIs, respectively. Both van der Waals (vdW) and dipole-dipole (DD) interactions are considered for each interaction strength. This work displays the layout of RAB and provides a reference for further study of RAB-regime-based quantum optics and quantum information processing tasks.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/131/53001

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Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) allows more than one Rydberg atom to be excited in the presence of Rydberg-Rydberg interaction (RRI) and has many potential applications in quantum optics, many-body physics and quantum information. In this paper, we would review the conditions and possible applications of different types of RAB regimes under weak, intermediate and strong RRIs, respectively. Both van der Waals (vdW) and dipole-dipole (DD) interactions are considered for each interaction strength. This work displays the layout of RAB and provides a reference for further study of RAB-regime-based quantum optics and quantum information processing tasks.
Resonant laser excitation of multiple Rydberg atoms are prohibited, leading to Rydberg blockade, when the long-range van der Waals interactions are stronger than the laser-atom coupling. Rydberg blockade can be violated, i.e., simultaneous excitation of more than one Rydberg atom, by off-resonant laser excitation, causing an excitation antiblockade. Rydberg antiblockade gives rise to strongly correlated many-body dynamics and spin-orbit coupling and also finds quantum computation applications. Instead of commonly used van der Waals interactions, we investigate antiblockade dynamics of two Rydberg atoms interacting via dipole-dipole exchange interactions. We study typical situations in current Rydberg atom experiments, where different types of dipole-dipole interactions can be achieved by varying Rydberg state couplings. An effective Hamiltonian governing underlying antiblockade dynamics is derived. We illustrate that geometric gates can be realized with the Rydberg antiblockade which is robust against the decay of Rydberg states. Our study may stimulate new experimental and theoretical exploration of quantum optics and strongly interacting many-body dynamics with Rydberg antiblockade driven by dipole-dipole interactions.
Unlike the Rydberg blockade regime, the Rydberg antiblockade regime (RABR) allows more than one Rydberg atom to be excited, which can bring other interesting phenomena and applications. We propose an alternative scheme to quickly achieve the RABR. The proposed RABR can be implemented by adjusting the detuning of the classical driving field, which is, in turn, based on the former numbers of the excited Rydberg atoms. In contrast to the former schemes, the current one enables more than two atoms to be excited to Rydberg states in a short period of time and thus is useful for large-scale quantum information processing. The proposed RABR can be used to construct two- and multiqubit quantum logic gates. In addition, a Rydberg excitation superatom, which can decrease the blockade error and enlarge the blockade radius for Rydberg blockade-based schemes, is constructed based on the suggested RABR and used to realize a more robust quantum logic gate. The mechanical effect and the ionization are discussed, and the performance is investigated using the master-equation method. Finally, other possible applications of the present RABR are also given.
With a resonant amplitude-modulation field on two Rydberg atoms, we propose a Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) regime, where the Rabi oscillation between collective ground and excited states is induced. A controlled-Z gate can be yielded through a Rabi cycle. Further, several common issues of the RAB gates are solved by modifying the parameter relation. The gate fidelity and gate robustness against the control error are enhanced with a shaped pulse. The requirement of control precision of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strength is relaxed. In addition, the atomic excitation is restrained and therefore the gate robustness against atomic decay is enhanced.
We propose a cascaded Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) regime via a Floquet modulation in four fully connected interacting atoms, which establishes a new synthetic dimension, Dicke-state lattice (DSL), in the space of collective spin excitations. By applying a global periodic driving, we synthesize an effective Hamiltonian that enables perfect state transfer across the five-site DSL with multiple programmable pathways from stepwise nearest-neighbor jumps to a single-step transition. This DSL platform further allows us to simulate a dynamic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, where soft quantum control is employed to achieve topologically inspired full RAB ∣0000⟩→∣1111⟩|0000\rangle \to |1111\rangle∣0000⟩→∣1111⟩ with enhanced robustness against disorder. Moreover, by incorporating the shortcut to adiabaticity technique, we generate high-fidelity entangled twin-Fock and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states on the four atoms within sub-microsecond timescales, outperforming the speed limits of conventional adiabatic protocols. Our work demonstrates a flexible and programmable synthetic dimension for quantum simulation and multipartite entanglement engineering in Rydberg atom arrays, paving the way for the future development of quantum information processing.
Abstract We study the steady-state quantum correlations arising from the atom–field and interatomic interplays in two-level Rydberg atoms coherently driven by an external laser field. Three kinds of quantum correlations, i.e., atom–atom correlation, atom–field entanglement and photon–photon correlation, are simultaneously examined by considering dipole–dipole interactions (DDI) for pairwise Rydberg atoms. They are shown to be closely linked with single and double Rydberg excitations, which can be modulated to work in the blockade or antiblockade regime depending on the driving field frequency, the DDI strength and the Rydberg decay rate. As a result, we obtain strongly correlated atoms and highly antibunching photons (indispensable resources in applications of quantum information processing) intermediated with robust atom–field entanglement.
A dynamics regime of Rydberg atoms, unselective ground-state blockade (UGSB), is proposed in the context of Rydberg antiblockade (RAB), where the evolution of two atoms is suppressed when they populate in an identical ground state. UGSB is used to implement a SWAP gate in one step without individual addressing of atoms. Aiming at circumventing common issues in RAB-based gates including atomic decay, Doppler dephasing, and fluctuations in the interatomic coupling strength, we modify the RAB condition to achieve a dynamical SWAP gate whose robustness is much greater than that of the nonadiabatic holonomic one in the conventional RAB regime. In addition, on the basis of the proposed SWAP gates, we further investigate the implementation of a three-atom Fredkin gate by combining Rydberg blockade and RAB. The present work may facilitate to implement the RAB-based gates of strongly coupled atoms in experiment.