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OSA Advanced Photonics Congress

Ultrafast random Raman solitons for real time Tbps random number generation

Frédéric Monet, Jean-Sébastien Boisvert, Raman Kashyap

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Using an optimized 100 mm long fiber Bragg grating, a narrow-linewidth, tunable high power random Raman fiber laser is demonstrated. At high enough powers, modulation instability is observed, leading to the generation of random solitons, with an average duration of 160 fs. By sampling the signal at 256 GSa/s and extracting the 5 least significant bits, random numbers can be generated in real-time at 1.28 Tbps with minimal post-processing.

DOI
10.1364/np.2020.npw2e.7

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Using an optimized 100 mm long fiber Bragg grating, a narrow-linewidth, tunable high power random Raman fiber laser is demonstrated. At high enough powers, modulation instability is observed, leading to the generation of random solitons, with an average duration of 160 fs. By sampling the signal at 256 GSa/s and extracting the 5 least significant bits, random numbers can be generated in real-time at 1.28 Tbps with minimal post-processing.
A simple novel method for random number generation is presented, based on a random Raman fiber laser. This laser is built in a half-open cavity scheme, closed on one side by a narrow-linewidth 100 mm fiber Bragg grating. The interaction between the randomly excited lasing modes of this laser, in addition to nonlinear effects such as modulation instability, allow the generation of random bits at rates of up to 540 Gbps with minimal post processing. Evaluation of the resulting bit streams' randomness by the NIST statistical test suite highlights the importance of evaluating the physical entropy content, as bit sequences generated by this random laser pass all the statistical tests with a significance level of 0.01, despite being generated at more than twice the theoretical entropy generation speed.
True random numbers are essential for cryptography and secure communications. Algorithmically generated pseudo-random numbers lack true physical randomness, while conventional lasers as physical entropy sources introduce time-delay signatures (TDS) and require complex post processing. To address this challenge, this study presents a high speed, real-time true random bit generator utilizing a modeless Raman fiber laser (RFL). A modeless RFL was constructed using an ultra-low reflectivity (-27 dB) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a high-reflectivity FBG serving as cavity mirrors. The laser delivers stable modeless Raman lasing within the pump power range of 5 W to 10 W. Compared with multilongitudinal-mode operation, the modeless laser exhibits significantly lower temporal coherence. By truncating the four least significant bits of the 8-bit digitized temporal intensity signal from the modeless RFL, random bit sequences were generated at a rate of 320 Gbps. The resulting random bit stream shows a uniform distribution of bits 0 and 1, its autocorrelation function contains no TDS, and it successfully passes the NIST statistical test. In contrast, the same generation method fails to produce qualified random bits when applied to the Raman fiber laser operating in the multilongitudinal-mode regime. The demonstrated modeless RFL system combines real-time operation, high speed, and stability, offering a robust physical entropy source for cryptographic and secure communication applications.
We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a high-speed physical random bit generator at gigabits/second without the time-delay signature based on chaotic power fluctuations of a random fiber laser. The random fiber laser is configured using a ring structure with semiconductor optical amplifiers as the optical gain and a fiber random grating as the random feedback medium. The long-length ring cavity provides a large number of densely spaced cavity modes that co-exist within the gain bandwidth tailored by the optical filter. Unlike fixed cavity modes in conventional fiber ring lasers, these modes are less phase-correlated due to the random distributed feedback from the fiber random grating fabricated by a plane-by-plane inscription technique without phase control, leading to intensified lasing output fluctuations with high-dimensional chaotic dynamic natures without specific cavity features, when the random fiber laser is operated slightly above the lasing threshold. Random bit generation at a bit rate up to ∼1.6 Gbps is achieved with verified randomness through standard tests. Different from the previously reported schemes requiring offline post-processing procedures, this physical random number generator can function in real time, offering high-quality randomness and security assurance for pertinent applications.
We investigate the generation of random numbers via the quantum process of spontaneous Raman scattering. Spontaneous Raman photons are produced by illuminating a highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass (As2S3) fiber with a CW laser at a power well below the stimulated Raman threshold. Single Raman photons are collected and separated into two discrete wavelength detuning bins of equal scattering probability. The sequence of photon detection clicks is converted into a random bit stream. Postprocessing is applied to remove detector bias, resulting in a final bit rate of ∼650 kb/s. The collected random bit-sequences pass the NIST statistical test suite for one hundred 1 Mb samples, with the significance level set to α=0.01. The fiber is stable, robust and the high nonlinearity (compared to silica) allows for a short fiber length and low pump power favourable for real world application.
To achieve complete security of communication, there is a need for “real-time” ultrafast physical random bit generators (RBGs). In the available physical RBGs, random bit extraction is effected in the electrical domain and, therefore, cannot directly function beyond the frequencies of 10 GHz or so in real time. Here, we present a fully photonic strategy for real-time random number generation and report a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration of an integrated 10 Gb/s RBG system (prototype) based on laser chaos. The use of an ultrastable mode-locked laser, together with ultrafast optical interactions, gives our method the capability to develop super-high-speed RBGs in practice. The photonic implementation is fully compatible with optical communications so that well-established optical multiplexing techniques can be used to realize Tb/s real-time random bit generation.