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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Graphene-Based Electro-Optic Entangler

Montasir Qasymeh, Hichem Eleuch

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel technique for entanglement of microwave and optical fields using capacitor loaded with graphene waveguide. The proposed technique utilizes the graphene conductivity to realize an off-resonant interaction and achieve a tunable entanglement.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.ff1d.6

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We propose a novel approach for microwave and optical fields entanglement using an electrical capacitor loaded with graphene plasmonic waveguide. In the proposed scheme, a quantum microwave signal of frequency ωmdrives the electrical capacitor, while an intensive optical field (optical pump) of frequency ω1is launched to the graphene waveguide as a surface plasmon polariton (i.e., SPP) mode. The two fields interact by the means of electrically modulating the graphene optical conductivity. It then follows that an upper and lower SPP sideband modes (of ω2= ω1+ ωmand ω3= ω1- ωmfrequencies, respectively) are generated. We show that the microwave signal and the lower sideband SPP mode are entangled, for a proper optical intensity. A quantum mechanics model is carried out to describe the fields evolution. Furthermore, novel iterative approach (based on combining the Duan criterion with the quantum regression theorem) is developed to assess the fields entanglement. Consequently, the entanglement of the two fields is evaluated versus several parameters including the waveguide length, the pump intensity, and the microwave frequency. We find that the two fields are entangled over a vast microwave frequency range. Moreover, our calculations show that a significant number of entangled photons are generated at the lower SPP sideband. The proposed scheme attains tunable mechanism for microwave-optical entanglement which paves the way for efficient quantum systems.
The dielectric cylinder covered with graphene (DCCG) is found to be a promising platform for studying multi-qubit collective effects. The plasmons supported by DCCG have huge wave numbers and low loss. Under some conditions, the zeroth- and first-order modes even have the same wavelength. Qubits along DCCG can interact with each other strongly by coupling with the plasmons within tens to hundreds of plasmonic wavelengths. Additionally, the electro-optical tunability of graphene means that we can manipulate the plasmonic wavelength and subsequently the dynamic evolutions of the qubits mediated by the DCCG conveniently. These properties make the graphene be a potential choice for quantum information device.
A measurable quadrature of a squeezed quantum state manifests a small uncertainty below the Heisenberg limit. This phenomenon has the potential to enable several extraordinary applications in quantum information, metrology and sensing, and other fields. Several techniques have been implemented to realize squeezed electromagnetic states, including microwave fields and optical fields. However, hybrid squeezed modes (that incorporate both microwave and optical fields) have not yet been proposed despite their vital functionality to combine the two worlds of quantum superconducting systems and photonics systems. In this work, for the first time, we propose a novel approach to achieve two-mode squeezing of microwave and optical fields using graphene based structure. The proposed scheme includes a graphene layered structure that is driven by a quantum microwave voltage and subjected to two optical fields of distinct frequencies. By setting the optical frequency spacing equal to the microwave frequency, an interaction occurs between the optical and microwave fields through electrical modulation of the graphene conductivity. We show that significant hybrid two-mode squeezing, that includes one microwave field and one optical field, can be achieved. Furthermore, the microwave frequency can be tuned over a vast range by modifying the operation parameters.
The quantum dynamics of the coupling between a cavity optical field and a resonator microwave field via the electro-optic effect is studied. This coupling has the same form as the optomechanical coupling via radiation pressure, so all previously considered optomechanical effects can in principle be observed in electro-optic systems as well. In particular, I point out the possibilities of laser cooling of the microwave mode, entanglement between the optical mode and the microwave mode via electro-optic parametric amplification, and back-action-evading optical measurements of a microwave quadrature.