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Mathematics

The Feynman–Kac Representation and Dobrushin–Lanford–Ruelle States of a Quantum Bose-Gas

Yuri Suhov, Mark Kelbert, Izabella Stuhl

Published Oct 1, 2020• 0 citations
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Abstract

This paper focuses on infinite-volume bosonic states for a quantum particle system (a quantum gas) in Rd. The kinetic energy part of the Hamiltonian is the standard Laplacian (with a boundary condition at the border of a ‘box’). The particles interact with each other through a two-body finite-range potential depending on the distance between them and featuring a hard core of diameter a>0. We introduce a class of so-called FK-DLR functionals containing all limiting Gibbs states of the system. As a justification of this concept, we prove that for d=2, any FK-DLR functional is shift-invariant, regardless of whether it is unique or not. This yields a quantum analog of results previously achieved by Richthammer.

DOI
10.3390/math8101683

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This paper focuses on infinite-volume bosonic states for a quantum particle system (a quantum gas) in Rd. The kinetic energy part of the Hamiltonian is the standard Laplacian (with a boundary condition at the border of a ‘box’). The particles interact with each other through a two-body finite-range potential depending on the distance between them and featuring a hard core of diameter a>0. We introduce a class of so-called FK-DLR functionals containing all limiting Gibbs states of the system. As a justification of this concept, we prove that for d=2, any FK-DLR functional is shift-invariant, regardless of whether it is unique or not. This yields a quantum analog of results previously achieved by Richthammer.
The paper focuses on infinite-volume bosonic states for a quantum particle system (a quantum gas) in a Euclidean space. The kinetic energy part of the Hamiltonian is the standard Laplacian (with a Dirichlet's boundary condition at the border of a `box'). The particles interact with each other through a two-body finite-range potential depending on the distance between them and featuring a hard core of a positive diameter. We introduce a class of so-called FK-DLR functionals containing all limiting Gibbs states of the system. In the next paper we will prove that any FK-DLR functional is shift-invariant, regardless of whether it is unique or not.
This paper continues the work Y. Suhov, M. Kelbert. FK-DLR states of a quantum bose-gas, arXiv:1304.0782 [math-ph], and focuses on infinite-volume bosonic states for a quantum system (a quantum gas) in a plane. We work under similar assumptions upon the form of local Hamiltonians and the type of the (pair) interaction potential as in the reference above. The result of the paper is that any infinite-volume FK-DLR functional corresponding to the Hamiltonians is shift-invariant, regardless of whether this functional is unique or not.
The paper extends earlier results from Suhov and Kelbert [“FK-DLR states of a quantum Bose-gas with a hardcore interaction,” arXiv:1304.0782] and Suhov et al. [“Shift-invariance for FK-DLR states of a 2D quantum Bose-gas,” arXiv:1304.4177] about infinite-volume quantum bosonic states (FK-DLR states) to the case of multi-type particles with non-negative interactions. (An example is a quantum Widom–Rowlinson model.) Following the strategy from Suhov and Kelbert and Suhov et al., we establish that, for the values of fugacity z ∈ (0, 1) and inverse temperature β > 0, finite-volume Gibbs states form a compact family in the thermodynamic limit. Next, in dimension two we show that any limit-point state (an FK-DLR state in the terminology adopted in Suhov and Kelbert and Suhov et al.) is translation-invariant.
Abstract We consider infinite volume limit Gibbs states of a nonrelativistic quantum Bose gas consisting of one species of spinless particles with positive interaction potentials. The finite volume reduced density matrices are dominated by the corresponding matrices for the noninteracting gas, and as a consequence all infinite volume limit states are regular, locally normal, and analytic on the appropriate CCR algebra. For sufficiently short range repulsive two-body interactions, the cyclic vector associated with the limit state is separating for the σ-weak closure of the algebra in the associated representation.
We prove the equivalence between the hard-sphere Bose gas and a system with momentum-dependent zero-range interactions in one spatial dimension, which we call extended hard-sphere Bose gas. The two-body interaction in the latter model has the advantage of being a regular pseudopotential. The most immediate consequence is the existence of its Fourier transform, permitting the formulation of the problem in momentum space, not possible with the original hard-core interaction. In addition, in the extended system, interactions are defined in terms of the scattering length, positive or negative, identified with the hard-sphere diameter only when it is positive. We are then able to obtain, directly in the thermodynamic limit, the ground-state energy of the strongly repulsive Lieb-Liniger gas and, more importantly, the energy of the lowest-lying super Tonks-Girardeau gas state with finite, strongly attractive interactions, in perturbation theory from the novel extended hard-sphere Bose gas.
We consider N bosons in a box in ℝd with volume N / ρ under the influence of a mutually repellent pair potential. The particle density ρ ∈ (0, ∞) is kept fixed. Our main result is the identification of the limiting free energy, f(β, ρ), at positive temperature 1 / β, in terms of an explicit variational formula, for any fixed ρ if β is sufficiently small, and for any fixed β if ρ is sufficiently small. The thermodynamic equilibrium is described by the symmetrized trace of e−βHNe^{-\beta {\mathcal{H}}_{N}}e−βHN​, where HN{\mathcal{H}}_{N}HN​ denotes the corresponding Hamilton operator. The well-known Feynman–Kac formula reformulates this trace in terms of N interacting Brownian bridges. Due to the symmetrization, the bridges are organized in an ensemble of cycles of various lengths. The novelty of our approach is a description in terms of a marked Poisson point process whose marks are the cycles. This allows for an asymptotic analysis of the system via a large-deviations analysis of the stationary empirical field. The resulting variational formula ranges over random shift-invariant marked point fields and optimizes the sum of the interaction and the relative entropy with respect to the reference process. In our proof of the lower bound for the free energy, we drop all interaction involving “infinitely long” cycles, and their possible presence is signalled by a loss of mass of the “finitely long” cycles in the variational formula. In the proof of the upper bound, we only keep the mass on the “finitely long” cycles. We expect that the precise relationship between these two bounds lies at the heart of Bose–Einstein condensation and intend to analyze it further in future.