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Optics and Spectroscopy

Two-quantum luminescence with the participation of surface electromagnetic waves

P. A. Demkovich, Yu. V. Mukhin, N. F. Pilipetskiǐ, A. N. Sudarkin, K. N. Ushakov

Published Sep 1, 1988• 0 citations
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We study the energy relaxation times (T1) of superconducting transmon qubits in 3D cavities as a function of dielectric participation ratios of material surfaces. This surface participation ratio, representing the fraction of electric field energy stored in a dissipative surface layer, is computed by a two-step finite-element simulation and experimentally varied by qubit geometry. With a clean electromagnetic environment and suppressed non-equilibrium quasiparticle density, we find an approximately proportional relation between the transmon relaxation rates and surface participation ratios. These results suggest dielectric dissipation arising from material interfaces is the major limiting factor for the T1 of transmons in 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture. Our analysis also supports the notion of spatial discreteness of surface dielectric dissipation.
Summary form only given. The resonant nature of the excitation of surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs), i.e. the resonant dependence of the reflectivity on the incident radiation wavevector component parallel to the interface (surface), k, leads to the nonlinear phenomena arising and particularly optical bi- and multi-stability appearance at relatively small nonlinearities. At such nonlinearities the field induced variation of the SEW wavevector, K, becomes comparable with the width, Im(K), of the mentioned geometrical (angular) resonance. In the paper the theory of optical bi- and multistability at the excitation of TM-polarized SEWs via the Kretschmann attenuated total reflection (ATR) scheme (glass prism-metal film-dielectric) in which the dielectric exhibits a relatively small one- or two-photon resonant nonlinearity is presented. The system of equations describing the excitation of nonlinear SEWs is presented in general form for arbitrary type of nonlinearity by means of the SEW wavevector nonlinear term, K/sup NL/.