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Optics and Spectroscopy

Features of Free Polarization Decay in Ultrathin Gas Cells

А. Ч. Измайлов

Published Aug 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The optical effect of free polarization decay in an ultrathin gas cell the inner thickness of which is less than or of the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of this cell is studied theoretically. A new mechanism of the studied effect is established; it is caused by the specificity of phase mismatch of light-induced atomic dipole moments due to transit-time relaxation of atoms in such a cell. As a result, the dynamics of free polarization decay in the considered situation radically differs from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of free polarization decay signals on the ratio of the thickness of such ultrathin cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse are revealed and analyzed.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x20080159

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Abstract The optical effect of free polarization decay in an ultrathin gas cell the inner thickness of which is less than or of the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of this cell is studied theoretically. A new mechanism of the studied effect is established; it is caused by the specificity of phase mismatch of light-induced atomic dipole moments due to transit-time relaxation of atoms in such a cell. As a result, the dynamics of free polarization decay in the considered situation radically differs from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of free polarization decay signals on the ratio of the thickness of such ultrathin cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse are revealed and analyzed.
Optical effect of the free polarization decay is studied theoretically in the ultrathin gas cell whose inner thickness is less or order of the wavelength of exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of the cell. New mechanism of the investigated effect is established which is caused by specifics of phase mismatch of light induced atomic dipole moments because of transit-time relaxation in such a cell. As a result, dynamics of the free polarization decay in the considered situation radically different from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of signals of the free polarization decay on the ratio of thickness of such a cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse have been discovered and analyzed.
Abstract The nonlinear optical effect of free polarization decay (FPD) in an ultrathin gas cell, the inner thickness of which is less than or on the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser radiation propagating orthogonally to the plane-parallel walls of this cell, is studied theoretically. The considered coherent FPD signal is emitted immediately after abrupt termination of this comparatively weak stationary radiation. The sub-Doppler resonances appearing at the central frequencies of the studied quantum transitions in the FPD intensity and energy spectra due to the transit-time relaxation of atoms in the gas cell are detected and studied. It is shown that these resonances and the FPD dynamics strongly depend on the ratio between the inner thickness of the gas cell and the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic radiation. The narrow high–contrast sub-Doppler resonances of FPD observed and studied in a linear optical regime can be used in atomic (molecular) high-resolution spectroscopy and as references for compact frequency standards.
The linear-optical effect of the free polarization decay (FPD) in an ultrathin gas cell, the internal thickness of which is less than or of the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser radiation, transmitted orthogonally to the plane-parallel walls of this cell, is theoretically investigated. The considered coherent FPD signal is emitted immediately after an abrupt interruption of such a relatively weak stationary radiation. Sub-Doppler resonances arising at the central frequencies of the studied quantum transitions in the spectra of the intensity and energy of the FPD as a result of the transit-time relaxation of atoms in the gas cell are established and analyzed. A significant dependence of these resonances and the dynamics of the FPD on the ratio of the inner thickness of the ultrathin cell to the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic radiation is shown. The narrow, high-contrast sub-Doppler resonances of the FPD detected and investigated in the linear-optical regime can be used in ultrahigh-resolution atomic (molecular) spectroscopy, as well as references for compact frequency standards.
On the basis of density matrix equations, we theoretically investigated narrow sub-Doppler resonances in the spectral distribution of a number of atomic particles (atoms or molecules) optically excited in a metastable state in an ultrathin gas cell with the inner thickness less than or of the order of the wavelength λ ≤ 1 μm of the monochromatic light wave incident in the normal direction. Essential dependence of these resonances (on the center of the optical transition) was analyzed versus the inner thickness and transversal size of such a gas cell and also versus the intensity of the incident wave. Investigated resonances may be applied as references in high-accuracy optical frequency standards and for high precision measurements.
The paper theoretically establishes and studies the sub-Doppler linear optical Ramsey resonances that arise under certain conditions near centers of optical transitions in the absorption of a sufficiently weak monochromatic light beam during its stationary propagation in the normal direction through an ultrathin gas cell whose internal thickness is less than or of the order of the wavelength of this radiation. We consider a situation when the cross section of this beam consists of two coaxial spatially separated regions, with the absorption signal being detected in a comparatively narrow central part of the beam. The paper studies the significant dependence of the linear optical Ramsey resonances, that arise in such an absorption spectrum, on the distance between these regions, as well as on the phase difference between them. In particular, it is shown that if this phase difference is close to pi, then instead of absorption, amplification of the central part of the incident beam can occur. The Ramsey resonances under consideration are most clearly manifested when the internal thickness of the gas cell is equal to a small halfinteger number of wavelengths of the resonant radiation. However, these resonances do not arise if this thickness is equal to an integer number of such waves. The established Ramsey resonances, under certain conditions, can find application in ultrahigh resolution atomic (molecular) spectroscopy, as well as effective references in compact optical frequency standards.
The effect that may be exerted by an interatomic dipole-dipole interaction upon optical transient processes in dense resonance media, in particular, free polarization decay, is analyzed. The behavior of the macroscopic polarization after a single-pulse excitation of a dense ensemble of two-level atoms is considered. It is shown that the free polarization signal is of oscillatory nature, with the oscillation frequency varying in time and being dependent on the dipole-dipole interaction constant, the intensity and duration of the exciting pulse, and the detuning of its carrier frequency from the resonance. The free polarization signal decay, which depends on the magnitude and sign of the sum of the detuning of the exciting pulse carrier frequency from the resonance and the Lorentz frequency, may obey either a power or an exponential law. The signal decay rate is determined not only by the inhomogeneous broadening, but also by the ratio of the above parameters.