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Журнал технической физики

Особенности затухания свободной поляризации в ультратонких газовых ячейках

А.Ч. Измайлов

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical effect of the free polarization decay is studied theoretically in the ultrathin gas cell whose inner thickness is less or order of the wavelength of exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of the cell. New mechanism of the investigated effect is established which is caused by specifics of phase mismatch of light induced atomic dipole moments because of transit-time relaxation in such a cell. As a result, dynamics of the free polarization decay in the considered situation radically different from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of signals of the free polarization decay on the ratio of thickness of such a cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse have been discovered and analyzed.

DOI
10.21883/os.2020.08.49699.39-20

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Optical effect of the free polarization decay is studied theoretically in the ultrathin gas cell whose inner thickness is less or order of the wavelength of exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of the cell. New mechanism of the investigated effect is established which is caused by specifics of phase mismatch of light induced atomic dipole moments because of transit-time relaxation in such a cell. As a result, dynamics of the free polarization decay in the considered situation radically different from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of signals of the free polarization decay on the ratio of thickness of such a cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse have been discovered and analyzed.
Abstract The optical effect of free polarization decay in an ultrathin gas cell the inner thickness of which is less than or of the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of this cell is studied theoretically. A new mechanism of the studied effect is established; it is caused by the specificity of phase mismatch of light-induced atomic dipole moments due to transit-time relaxation of atoms in such a cell. As a result, the dynamics of free polarization decay in the considered situation radically differs from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of free polarization decay signals on the ratio of the thickness of such ultrathin cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse are revealed and analyzed.
The linear-optical effect of the free polarization decay (FPD) in an ultrathin gas cell, the internal thickness of which is less than or of the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser radiation, transmitted orthogonally to the plane-parallel walls of this cell, is theoretically investigated. The considered coherent FPD signal is emitted immediately after an abrupt interruption of such a relatively weak stationary radiation. Sub-Doppler resonances arising at the central frequencies of the studied quantum transitions in the spectra of the intensity and energy of the FPD as a result of the transit-time relaxation of atoms in the gas cell are established and analyzed. A significant dependence of these resonances and the dynamics of the FPD on the ratio of the inner thickness of the ultrathin cell to the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic radiation is shown. The narrow, high-contrast sub-Doppler resonances of the FPD detected and investigated in the linear-optical regime can be used in ultrahigh-resolution atomic (molecular) spectroscopy, as well as references for compact frequency standards.
Abstract The nonlinear optical effect of free polarization decay (FPD) in an ultrathin gas cell, the inner thickness of which is less than or on the order of the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic laser radiation propagating orthogonally to the plane-parallel walls of this cell, is studied theoretically. The considered coherent FPD signal is emitted immediately after abrupt termination of this comparatively weak stationary radiation. The sub-Doppler resonances appearing at the central frequencies of the studied quantum transitions in the FPD intensity and energy spectra due to the transit-time relaxation of atoms in the gas cell are detected and studied. It is shown that these resonances and the FPD dynamics strongly depend on the ratio between the inner thickness of the gas cell and the wavelength of the exciting monochromatic radiation. The narrow high–contrast sub-Doppler resonances of FPD observed and studied in a linear optical regime can be used in atomic (molecular) high-resolution spectroscopy and as references for compact frequency standards.
Theoretical research is carried out of excitation of atoms from the ground quantum level to a metastable state by the running monochromatic radiation in thin gas cell, whose inner thickness is much less than its radius. As a result, sub-Doppler resonances has been discovered and analyzed, which appear in the population of the metastable atomic level at scan of the radiation frequency because of light induced Rabi oscillation on the given optical transition and also transit relaxation of atoms in the considered cell with the rarefied gas. Such nontrivial resonances may be detected in atomic fluorescence by additional probe light beam. The method for direct measurement of the Rabi frequency on spectral intervals between established sub-Doppler resonances is proposed. Obtained results may be applied in atomic spectroscopy for precise determination of components of matrix elements of dipole moments and related Einstein coefficients and oscillator strengths of quantum transitions between ground and metastable atomic levels.
The effect that may be exerted by an interatomic dipole-dipole interaction upon optical transient processes in dense resonance media, in particular, free polarization decay, is analyzed. The behavior of the macroscopic polarization after a single-pulse excitation of a dense ensemble of two-level atoms is considered. It is shown that the free polarization signal is of oscillatory nature, with the oscillation frequency varying in time and being dependent on the dipole-dipole interaction constant, the intensity and duration of the exciting pulse, and the detuning of its carrier frequency from the resonance. The free polarization signal decay, which depends on the magnitude and sign of the sum of the detuning of the exciting pulse carrier frequency from the resonance and the Lorentz frequency, may obey either a power or an exponential law. The signal decay rate is determined not only by the inhomogeneous broadening, but also by the ratio of the above parameters.
The excitation of atoms (molecules) of a rarefied gas by stationary broadband optical radiation in a thin cell, the inner thickness of which is many times smaller than its transverse size, is studied theoretically. The features of optical pumping and transit-time relaxation of atomic particles in such cells open new possibilities for ultra-high resolution spectroscopy. The conditions are analyzed under which narrow high-contrast sub-Doppler fluorescence resonances arise at the central frequencies of spontaneous transitions from optically excited atomic (molecular) quantum levels.