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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

A 128-channel diamond quantum memory array integrated in a microphotonic chip

Noel Wan, Tsung‐Ju Lu, Kevin C. Chen, Michael E. Walsh, Matthew E. Trusheim, Lorenzo De Santis, Eric A. Bersin, Isaac Harris, Sara Mouradian, Ian Christen, Edward S. Bielejec, Dirk Englund

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the integration of 128 waveguide-coupled diamond spin qubits with aluminum nitride photonics. This large-scale, tunable, efficient and optically coherent multi-qubit platform sets the stage for high-rate entanglement distribution in a large quantum network.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2020.jm3g.4

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A central aim of quantum information processing is the efficient entanglement of multiple stationary quantum memories via photons. Recently, quantum entanglement and teleportation have been shown between two nitrogen-vacancy memories (NV)1, but scaling to larger networks requires more efficient spin-photon interfaces, using optical resonators and efficient nanophotonic collection strategies. Here, we discuss progress towards the development of on-chip photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with multiple NV quantum memories entangled via photons.
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A central goal of quantum information science is the entanglement of multiple quantum memories that can be individually controlled. Here, we discuss progress towards photonic integrated circuits designed to enable efficient optical interactions between multiple spin qubits in nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We describe NV-nanocavity systems in the strong Purcell regime with optical quality factors approaching 10,000 and electron spin coherence times exceeding 200 μs; implantation of NVs with nanometer-scale apertures, including into cavity field maxima; hybrid on-chip networks for integration of multiple functional NV-cavity systems; and scalable integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-chip.
Quantum networks hold the potential to enable quantum-secured communication, distributed quantum computing, and non-local quantum sensing. To realize these applications, a versatile quantum network infrastructure must support entanglement between network nodes capable of storing, processing, and distributing quantum information, alongside high-fidelity photonic qubits that efficiently interface with these nodes. The silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond, coupled to nanophotonic cavities, has recently emerged as a promising platform to meet these requirements. This system provides access to an electron spin as an optically active communication qubit and a 29Si nuclear spin as a memory qubit, capable of storing quantum information for extended periods. We first demonstrate that the SiV center's electron spin can efficiently generate single photons with complex spatiotemporal waveforms, facilitated by a novel asymmetric nanophotonic cavity design. We then establish a two-node quantum network between two SiV centers housed in separate laboratories and connected via optical fiber. To do so, we use photonic qubits to mediate entanglement between two spatially separated electron spins, as well as between two spatially separated nuclear spins. Finally, using bidirectional quantum frequency conversion, we convert the photonic qubits to telecommunication frequencies, enabling entanglement generation between the two nuclear spins via a 35 km fiber deployed in the Boston metropolitan area. These advancements mark progress toward large-scale, deployable quantum networks using SiV centers coupled to nanophotonic cavities.
Solid-state spin-photon interfaces promise to scale quantum networks through on-chip photonic integration and multiplexed entanglement generation. To date, remote entanglement between integrated emitters has been realized only in cavity-enhanced systems, where fabrication yield and spectral matching remain major obstacles. Here we demonstrate heralded remote entanglement between diamond tin-vacancy spin qubits embedded in separate on-chip waveguides. Combining intrinsically efficient photon emission with a broadband waveguide architecture provides high device yield and obviates the need for spectral matching to cavity modes. We realize coherent optical and spin control and achieve high-visibility two-photon interference. By combining photon-mediated entanglement generation with real-time feedforward, we produce a consistent entangled state independent of the heralding pattern. These results establish waveguide-integrated tin-vacancy centers as a compelling platform for scalable quantum network nodes.