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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Parallel Ghost Imaging

Xiaodong Qiu, Dongkai Zhang, Tianlong Ma, Fei Lin, Haoxu Guo, Wuhong Zhang, Lixiang Chen

Published Sep 2, 2020• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum‐correlation‐based ghost imaging, also termed quantum ghost imaging, has found applications as diverse as the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and low‐light‐level imaging. In any previous schemes, however, only biphoton spatial entanglement is utilized, whereas other degrees of freedom of the photons have not yet been explored. Here we break this barrier to present a multichannel parallel ghost imaging system, by exploiting hyperentanglement where photon pairs are simultaneously entangled in polarization, color, and spatial mode. In the experiment, polarization and color entanglements provide 2× 2 independent channels via simultaneous polarization and color multiplexing, while an optical isolator with a delay line is constructed to ensure that spatial entanglement conveys the ghost image in parallel. The method can offer a pathway for high‐capacity quantum image processing and transmission in future quantum network.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202000073

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•Dec 20, 2012•1 citation
Abstract Quantum‐correlation‐based ghost imaging, also termed quantum ghost imaging, has found applications as diverse as the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and low‐light‐level imaging. In any previous schemes, however, only biphoton spatial entanglement is utilized, whereas other degrees of freedom of the photons have not yet been explored. Here we break this barrier to present a multichannel parallel ghost imaging system, by exploiting hyperentanglement where photon pairs are simultaneously entangled in polarization, color, and spatial mode. In the experiment, polarization and color entanglements provide 2× 2 independent channels via simultaneous polarization and color multiplexing, while an optical isolator with a delay line is constructed to ensure that spatial entanglement conveys the ghost image in parallel. The method can offer a pathway for high‐capacity quantum image processing and transmission in future quantum network.
Abstract The concept of quantum nonlocality, lying at the heart of quantum information science and technologies, is physically counter‐intuitive and mathematically elusive. Here, a hyper‐entanglement‐assisted ghost imaging system is designed to visualize the evidence of Hardy's paradox by capturing the purely nonlocal photonic events with a spatially resolved intensified charge‐coupled device (ICCD) camera. In the two‐photon polarization‐spatial‐mode hyper‐entangled state, spatial entanglement conveys the ghost images while polarization entanglement encodes the imaging channels in the logical structure of Hardy's nonlocality proof. Then whether the single ghost image of a skull‐shape object is observed or not can be a direct yet intuitive signature to support or defy quantum mechanics. Moreover, the degree of the violation of locality can be characterized by the contrast‐to‐noise ratio of ghost images macroscopically, and the nonlocal behavior of violating the locality microscopically at the single‐pixel level with a reasonable confidence level of 75% is also achieved. The proposed strategy not only sheds new light on the fundamental issue of quantum mechanics, but also holds promise for developing hyper‐entanglement‐based quantum imaging technology.
The concept of quantum entanglement and hyper-entanglement, lying at the heart of quantum information science and technologies, is physically counter-intuitive and mathematically elusive. We design a polarization-encoded ghost imaging system based on the frame of Hardy nonlocality paradox to visualize the evidence of quantum hyper-entanglement by capturing purely nonlocal photonic events. In two-photon polarization-spatial-mode hyper-entangled state, spatial entanglement con-veys the ghost images while polarization entanglement encodes the imaging channels. Then whether imaging the single ghost image of a skull-shape object or not can be a direct yet intuitive signature to support or defy quantum mechanics. We use the contrast-to-noise ratio of ghost images to macroscopically characterize the degree of the violation of locality. We also showcase the nonlocal behavior of violating the locality with a reasonable confidence level of 75%, microscopically at the single-pixel level. Our strategy not only sheds new light on the fundamental issue of quantum mechanics, but also holds promise for developing hyper-entanglement-based quantum imaging technology.
Ghost imaging is the remarkable process where an image can be formed from photons that have not "seen" the object. Traditionally this phenomenon has required initially correlated but spatially separated photons, e.g., one to interact with the object and the other to form the image, and has been observed in many physical situations, spanning both the quantum and classical regimes. To date, all instances of ghost imaging record an image with the same contrast as the object, i.e., where the object is bright, the image is also bright, and vice versa. Here we observe ghost imaging in a new system - a system based on photons that have never interacted. We utilise entanglement swapping between independent pairs of spatially entangled photons to establish position correlations between two initially independent photons. As a consequence of an anti-symmetric projection in the entanglement swapping process, the recorded image is the contrast reversed version of the object, i.e., where the object is bright, the image is dark, and vice versa. The results highlight the importance of state projection in this ghost imaging process and provides a pathway to teleporting images across a quantum network.
Abstract Traditional ghost imaging requires correlated but spatially separated photons and has been observed in many physical situations, spanning both the quantum and classical regimes. Here we observe ghost imaging in a new system—a system based on entanglement swapping, the key feature of a quantum network. We detail how the exact form of quantum interference between independent photons dictates the precise nature of the ghost imaging, for example, for an anti-symmetric projection, the recorded image is the contrast-reversed version of the object—where the object is bright, the image is dark, and vice versa. The results highlight the importance of state projection in this ghost-imaging process and provide a pathway for the teleportation of two-dimensional spatial states across a quantum network. Our results also indicate that ghost images with new image properties could be achieved in conventional settings through a variety of new signal processing procedures.
In this work, we propose a scheme of quantum secure ghost imaging (QSGI), which combines temporal quantum ghost imaging and security test based on quantum entanglement. Utilizing the quantum feature of entangled photon pairs, the eavesdropping in the imaging process can be detected, with a certain degree of protection on the object information. The proposed scheme is demonstrated by experiment, in which photon pairs are generated by a quantum light source based on a silicon waveguide. Two-dimensional patterns are imaged line by line over 50 km optical fibers and the security test is realized by two-photon interference for energy-time entanglement. QSGI could be applied in scenarios of secure imaging and surveillance, and may inspire new ideas on specific quantum communication tasks.
Correlated-photon imaging, popularly known as ghost imaging, is a technique whereby an image is formed from light that has never interacted with the object. In ghost imaging experiments two correlated light fields are produced. One of these fields illuminates the object, and the other field is measured by a spatially resolving detector. In the quantum regime, these correlated light fields are produced by entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. To date, all correlated-photon ghost-imaging experiments have scanned a single-pixel detector through the field of view to obtain the spatial information. However, scanning leads to a poor sampling efficiency, which scales inversely with the number of pixels, N, in the image. In this work we overcome this limitation by using a time-gated camera to record the single-photon events across the full scene. We obtain high-contrast images, 90%, in either the image plane or the far-field of the photon pair source, taking advantage of the EPR-like correlations in position and momentum of the photon pairs. Our images contain a large number of modes, >500, creating opportunities in low-light-level imaging and in quantum information processing.