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IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)

Single Electron Control by a Uniform Magnetic Field in a Focusing Double-Well Potential Structure

Mauro Ballicchia, Mihail Nedjalkov, Josef Weinbub

Published Jul 1, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Double-well potential structures provide rich capabilities for single electron control via different physical characteristics of the potentials and the electron state. Here, we investigate the effect of a uniform magnetic field on the electron state interference pattern manifesting in a focusing double-well potential structure by conducting Wigner quantum transport experiments. We analyze the electron density and the negativity of the Wigner function and show how the magnetic field controls the electron state but also destroys the coherence of the evolution dynamics. Our work contributes to the fundamental understanding of magnetic field based single electron control mechanisms and sheds light on the critical decoherence processes.

DOI
10.1109/nano47656.2020.9183565

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Double-well potential structures provide rich capabilities for single electron control via different physical characteristics of the potentials and the electron state. Here, we investigate the effect of a uniform magnetic field on the electron state interference pattern manifesting in a focusing double-well potential structure by conducting Wigner quantum transport experiments. We analyze the electron density and the negativity of the Wigner function and show how the magnetic field controls the electron state but also destroys the coherence of the evolution dynamics. Our work contributes to the fundamental understanding of magnetic field based single electron control mechanisms and sheds light on the critical decoherence processes.
An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state are found to the Schroedinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and single attractive delta-potential. Effect of the magnetic field on this bound localized electron state is discussed. We show that above effect leads to appearing the probability current density in some region centered in the point of the delta-potential as well as to enlarging (for a number of physical models) the localization region of the electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. We are expected that these properties can be of importance for real quantum mechanical systems.
Probability backflow is investigated for charged spin-1/21/21/2 particles in a uniform magnetic field within the lowest-Landau-level approximation. While single-mode Landau states exhibit only weak and non-robust backflow, it is shown that two-mode interference gives rise to negative probability flux in both the Schrödinger and Pauli formulations. In the Pauli case, orbital and spin contributions to the probability current are explicitly separated, revealing an additional interference mechanism. The external magnetic field is found to act as a tunable control parameter, simultaneously controlling the spatial overlap of orbitals and the spin dynamics. In the two-mode regime, a resonance between orbital mismatch and spin precession leads to an enhancement of backflow. Finite spatial resolution is shown not to suppress the effect within realistic coarse-graining. These results establish magnetic-field-controlled quantum backflow in Landau systems as an accessible interference phenomenon.
Quantum mechanically, an electron moving in a uniform magnetic field forms Landau levels. A curious feature is that for states with a negative angular quantum number, the total probability current vanishes, which appears to contradict the classical picture of cyclotron motion. While a geometric interpretation based on classical orbits exists, alternative interpretations remain of interest. In this paper, we examine the probability current density and identify a critical radius that naturally partitions the plane into an inner clockwise-flow region and an outer counterclockwise-flow region. We show that the vanishing total current results from an exact cancellation between these two regions. Furthermore, by defining a partitioned kinetic angular momentum with respect to the critical radius, we reveal an intrinsic competitive structure: the electron simultaneously carries two opposing rotational components. The negative quantum number manifests in the strength of the inner counter-rotation, while the net kinetic angular momentum remains positive. This bidirectional flow picture also provides a dynamical interpretation of the infinite degeneracy of Landau levels.
Quantum control of the wave function of two interacting electrons confined in quasi-one-dimensional double-well semiconductor structures is demonstrated. The control strategies are based on the knowledge of the energy spectrum as a function of an external uniform electric field. When two low-lying levels have an avoided crossing, our system behaves dynamically to a large extent as a two-level system. This characteristic is exploited to implement coherent control strategies based on slow (adiabatic passage) and rapid (diabatic Landau-Zener transition) changes of the external field. We apply this method to reach desired target states that lie far in the spectrum from the initial state.
Abstract This paper supplements existing descriptions of quantum physics at the phenomenological level by proposing a continuous dynamical model based on Information-Structured Effective Fields (ISEF). The core of this work is to establish the Fisher information density functional as the fundamental driving source for the evolution of the system state. By applying a variational treatment to this information functional, the framework shows, without introducing additional microscopic ontological assumptions, how the inhomogeneity of the probability density (ρ) manifests as an intrinsic structural tension, from which the trend potential (Φ_trend) governing the dynamics can be derived. Starting from this Fisher-information-driven chain, the paper derives a rigorous coupling map between the density distribution ρ and the evolving phase parameter ω. This mechanism is expected to provide a logically self-consistent and unified continuous phenomenological explanation for double-slit interference, the coherence decay caused by path-information acquisition, and the statistical decoherence of massive complex systems such as C₆₀ molecules. This work demonstrates the fundamental role of the Fisher information functional in constraining and driving the evolution of physical systems, and it also provides theoretical expectations for the macroscopic decoherence boundary of matter-wave interference that can be tested in future experiments.