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Applied Optics

Proposal of Rydberg atomic receiver for amplitude-modulated microwave signals with active Raman gain

Yongqi Cai, Jing Wang, Li‐Dan Lin, Xiao Lu, Yuxia Li, Yandong Peng

Published Sep 1, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An efficient scheme for a microwave (MW) receiver is proposed based on the active Raman gain (ARG) in Rydberg atoms. The 87 R b atoms are excited to the Rydberg state ( 53 D 5 / 2 ) , and the gain spectrum has a single gain peak. The MW field is resonant with the Rydberg transition ( 53 D 5 / 2 → 54 P 3 / 2 ) , resulting in a split in the gain spectrum. The frequency splitting of two peaks depends linearly on the MW field strength. The distortion and attenuation of the probe field are reduced, due to the system's operating in the stimulated Raman emission mode. Simulation results show that the fidelity of MW communication based on the Rydberg atomic ARG scheme is improved by at least 10 times compared to that based on an electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, and the system seems more robust to amplitude modulation signals with different modulation depths.

DOI
10.1364/ao.399918

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An efficient scheme for a microwave (MW) receiver is proposed based on the active Raman gain (ARG) in Rydberg atoms. The 87 R b atoms are excited to the Rydberg state ( 53 D 5 / 2 ) , and the gain spectrum has a single gain peak. The MW field is resonant with the Rydberg transition ( 53 D 5 / 2 → 54 P 3 / 2 ) , resulting in a split in the gain spectrum. The frequency splitting of two peaks depends linearly on the MW field strength. The distortion and attenuation of the probe field are reduced, due to the system's operating in the stimulated Raman emission mode. Simulation results show that the fidelity of MW communication based on the Rydberg atomic ARG scheme is improved by at least 10 times compared to that based on an electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, and the system seems more robust to amplitude modulation signals with different modulation depths.
An active-Raman-gain (ARG) spectrum of Rydberg atoms is investigated and proposed to measure a microwave (MW) electric (E) field. A strong Raman field couples the ground-state transition with large frequency detuning, and a probe field drives the metastable transition, whose transmission shows a large gain. When a MW field couples the Rydberg transition, the gain peak splits. It is interesting to find that the frequency splitting of gain peaks shows a linear relationship with the MW-field strength, which can be used to measure the MW E field. Moreover, the ARG spectrum has a large peak value that is about 10 times larger than that of common electromagnetically induced transparency schemes. For weak MW fields, the Doppler effect will greatly narrow the gain spectrum if the probe and Raman fields copropagate through the atomic cell, which increases the probe sensitivity dramatically. After the Doppler averaging, the probe sensitivity is enhanced by about 10 times, and the linewidth is narrowed to 1/10 compared to the case without the Doppler effect.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems involving Rydberg states is known to be a sensitive probe of incident microwave (MW) fields, in particular those resonant with Rydberg-to-Rydberg transitions. Here we propose an intelligible analytical model of a Rydberg atomic receiver's response to amplitude- (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) signals and compare it with experimental results, presenting a setup that allows sending signals with either AM or FM and evaluating their efficiency with demodulation. Additionally, the setup reveals a detection configuration using all circular polarizations for optical fields and allowing detection of a circularly polarized MW field, propagating colinearly with optical beams. In our measurements, we systematically show that several parameters exhibit local optimum characteristics and then estimate these optimal parameters and working ranges, addressing the need to devise a robust Rydberg MW sensor and its operational protocol.
A scheme of optical four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is proposed based on dual-Raman process in Rydberg atoms. A probe field counter-propagates with a dual-Raman field which drives the ground and the excited states transition, respectively, and the Rydberg transition is driven by a microwave (MW) field. A gain peak appears in the probe transmission and is sensitive to the MW field strength. Optical PAM-4 can be achieved by encoding an MW signal and decoding the magnitude of a probe signal. Simulation results show that the differential nonlinearity and the integral nonlinearity of the proposed scheme can be reduced by 5 times and 6 times, respectively, compared with the counterparts of previous scheme, and the ratio of level separation mismatch is close to the ideal value 1. Moreover, the scheme is extended to optical PAM-8 signal, which may further improve the spectral efficiency.
Abstract We propose a Rydberg atom-based receiver for amplitude-modulation (AM) reception utilizing a dual-tone microwave field. The pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) signal is encoded in the basic microwave field (B-MW) at the frequency of 14.23 GHz. The signal can be decoded by the atomic receiver itself but more obvious with the introduction of an auxiliary microwave (A-MW) field. The receiver’s amplitude variations corresponding to microwave field are simulated by solving density matrices to give this mechanism theoretical support. An appropriate AM frequency is obtained by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, guaranteeing both large data transfer capacity (DTC) and high fidelity of the receiver. The power of two MW fields, along with the B-MW field frequency, is studied to acquire larger DTC and wider operating bandwidth. Finally, the readout of PRBS signals is performed by both the proposed and conventional mechanisms, and the comparison proves the obvious increment of DTC with the proposed scheme. This proof-of-principle demonstration exhibits the potential of the dual-tone scheme and offers a novel pathway for Rydberg atom-based microwave communication, which is beneficial for long-distance communication and weak signal perception outside the laboratory.
We propose a scheme for gain measurement of microwave (MW) antenna with heterodyne bichromatic excitation in Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The Rydberg-EIT atoms serve as a frequency mixer with a strong locally oscillating MW field and a weak signal field. A large dispersion appears in the EIT windows due to the interference of two sub-EIT systems, which much narrows the transmission spectrum. The locally oscillating MW field could enhance the atomic response to the weak MW signals. The simulation results show that the gain measurement of MW antenna remains good accuracy even for weak MW fields and the minimum detectable MW field strength is about 1/12 of that of common EIT scheme. Other influences on the gain measurement are also investigated.
We present a Rydberg atom-based receiver with amplitude modulation (AM) technique for the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave wireless communication in a five-level85\bm {^{85}}85Rb atomic coherent system. The carrier microwave (C-MW) field at frequency of 24.12 GHz, corresponding to the 5G millimeter-wave wireless communication band, is encoded by AM technique, and then decoded by Rydberg atom-based receiver with the assistance of an auxiliary microwave (A-MW) field. An atomic response to the C-MW field linking to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of decoded signal, which plays a prerequisite role in 5G millimeter-wave wireless communication with large data transfer capacity, is obtained by investigating the optimal powers of probe laser, coupling laser, and A-MW field. Also, an appropriate AM frequency of 10 kHz, which has an influence on the data transfer capacity, is acquired with 54 dB SNR of decoded signal. Under the abovementioned experimental conditions, the maximum data transfer capacity of 82.5 kbit/s is achieved when the C-MW field power tends to saturate. The bandwidth of Rydberg atom-based receiver is determined as 3.5 GHz, and the instantaneous bandwidth is approximately 106.3 kHz. As a result, 5G signals on three waveforms are transferred with high fidelity, frequency recovery rate, and time synchronization to verify the performance of this receiver for an actual communication. This scheme provides an effective approach for realizing 5G millimeter-wave wireless communication with wide bandwidth, large data transfer capacity, and high fidelity.