United States establishes a dozen AI and quantum information science research centers

Göran Pulkkis, Kaj J. Grahn

Gregory D. Scholes, Alexandra Olaya-Castro, Shaul Mukamel +4 more

This document summarizes the context and main outcomes of the discussions that took place during the NSF-UKRI bilateral workshop on Quantum Information Science in Chemistry, held on 12-13 February 2024, in Alexandria, Virginia (US). The workshop was jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). It brought together scientific delegations from the United States of America (US) and the United Kingdom (UK).

Matthias Klusch, Jörg Lässig, Frank K. Wilhelm

Wen-Ran Zhang, Hengyu Zhang

While the quantum emergence of spacetime is becoming a major research topic in physics, the quantum emergence of intelligence has not been widely researched in quantum information science (QIS). Following causal-logical quantum gravity theory, bipolar entropy vs. entropy and negative entropy (or negentropy) are reviewed and distinguished for quantum emergence/submergence of quantum agent (QA) and quantum intelligence (QI) in algebraic terms. This work refers to QA as an entangled bipolar string/superstring in bipolar dynamic equilibrium (BDE) and QI being centered on logically definable causality in regularity, mind-light-matter unity, and brain-universe similarity. ER = EPR is extended to ER ≥≥ EPR for the mathematical scalability of bipolar strings and their collective entanglement. The extension leads to a number of conjectures, testable predictions, and theorems. The term “equilibraton” is proposed as a type of EPR or bipolar generic string to serve as an entropic stitch to collectively hold the universe together as a quantum entanglement in BDE with ubiquitous, regulated local emergence and submergence of QA&QI. Equilibraton leads to the concept of bipolar entropy square—a complete entropic solution to the background issue in quantum gravity. With complete background independence, energy/information conservational bipolar entropy, energy/information invariance, bipolar entropy non-additivity, and equilibrium-based plateau concavity are introduced. The nature of the one-dimensional arrow of time is conjectured. As a unification of order and disorder for equilibrium-based regulation, bipolar entropy bridges QA&QI to agentic AI, where quantum-bio-economics can be viewed as a topological intervention of a natural dynamic equilibrium in a social or natural world. Use cases are reviewed to illustrate the practical and theoretical aspects of bipolar entropy in business management, quantum-bio-economics, quantum cryptography, physics, and biology. Eddington–Einstein’s comments on entropy are revisited. It is expected that bipolar entropy will bring quantum emergence/submergence to agentic AI&QI for entangled machine thinking and imagination as a naturally scalable and testable foundation of real-world quantum gravity, quantum information science (QIS), quantum cognition and quantum biology (QCQB) to enhance Large Language AI Models (LLMs) and machine intelligence.

Chaohan Cui, Kailu Zhou, Zheshen Zhang

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed computer-assisted classical research and is beginning to demonstrate its power in quantum information science (QIS). While proposals and early demonstrations of AI+QIS are emerging, the debate remains: can AI generate unconventional designs of genuine scientific value, or is it limited to optimizing known methods? In this perspective, we argue that AI agents offer clear advantages in designing quantum optical systems, particularly where optimization across diverse variables and pattern recognition are required. We also highlight AI's potential to control realistic quantum devices in noisy environments through iterative, self-correcting strategies.