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Quantum Electronics

Compact ultrastable laser system for spectroscopy of 2S1/2 → 2D3/2 quadrupole transition in 171Yb+ ion

Ilia V. Zalivako, Ilya A. Semerikov, Alexander S. Borisenko, Mikhail A. Aksenov, Pavel Vishnyakov, Pavel Sidorov, Nikita V. Semenin, Artem A. Golovizin, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, N. Kolachevsky

Published Aug 26, 2020• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We report the results of studying a compact laser system designed for manipulating a quantum state of the optical qubit based on the 2S1/2 → 2D3/2 quadrupole transition in the 171Yb+ ion at a wavelength of 435.5 nm. An emission power of the laser system reaches 500 μW at λ = 435.5 nm and the relative frequency instability of at most 3 × 10−15 is achieved at averaging intervals from 0.5 to 50 s with a subtracted linear frequency drift. The compactness of the developed system makes it possible to employ it in transportable systems including optical clocks.

DOI
10.1070/qel17373

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We present the setup of our optical frequency standard (OFS) “TOPTICLOCK”. It is based on the 2S1/2 (F=0) – 2D3/2 (F=2) electric quadrupole transition at 435.5 nm of a single laser-cooled and trapped 171Yb+ ion. All required subsystems are contained in two transportable 19” rack compartments. By comparing it with a laboratory-style OFS of the German National Metrology Institute (PTB), which operates on the 467 nm electric octupole transition, using a TOPTICA DFC optical frequency comb, a frequency instability of 5×10-15/√τ with systematic uncertainty below 2×10-17 was demonstrated. The performance of TOPTICLOCK was also benchmarked by directly comparing it to another OFS operating also at the 435.5 nm clock transition. An agreement between both systems with a total uncertainty well below 10-17 was obtained.

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Abstract We report the results of studying a compact laser system designed for manipulating a quantum state of the optical qubit based on the 2S1/2 → 2D3/2 quadrupole transition in the 171Yb+ ion at a wavelength of 435.5 nm. An emission power of the laser system reaches 500 μW at λ = 435.5 nm and the relative frequency instability of at most 3 × 10−15 is achieved at averaging intervals from 0.5 to 50 s with a subtracted linear frequency drift. The compactness of the developed system makes it possible to employ it in transportable systems including optical clocks.
The paper describes the results achieved in the development of the compact transportable fully automated optical clock based on a single 171Yb+ ion in a radiofrequency (RF) quadrupole trap. The resulted measurements demonstrated the 4.9E-16 output RF signal relative instability on 1000 s integration time with 298.1 kg weight, 0.921 volume, and 2.766 kW input power consumption of the device. A transformation of the ultrastable optical signal into the RF range was performed via the optical frequency comb with a supercontinuum fiber laser generator. The transformation was conducted without loss of initial stability and accuracy characteristics of the signal.
We experimentally demonstrate laser spectroscopy of the electric-quadrupole transition 6s2S1/2−−5d2D3/26s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}--5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2}6s2S1/2​−−5d2D3/2​ of a single trapped 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb ion. The probed transition has a natural linewidth of 3.1 Hz, and is at a wavelength of 435.5 nm. A 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb ion is laser cooled to the range of the Doppler limit in a radio-frequency Paul trap. The $F=0--{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2,$ ${m}_{{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=0$ hyperfine component of the 2S1/2−−2D3/2{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}{--}^{2}{D}_{3/2}2S1/2​−−2D3/2​ transition is excited by a laser source whose frequency is controlled by an optical reference cavity of high intrinsic stability. The recoilless carrier component of the vibrational sideband spectrum is resolved with a minimum linewidth of approximately 80 Hz, corresponding to a fractional frequency resolution of $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}.$ This resolution limit is attributed to laser frequency instability. The effective decoherence rates of the residual ion motion are inferred from the observation that the axial and two radial low-frequency first-order secular-vibration sidebands show minimum linewidths in the range of 0.2--1 kHz. Prospects for an optical frequency standard based on the investigated atomic system are discussed.
We describe experimental investigations on an optical frequency standard based on a laser cooled 171Yb+ ion confined in a radiofrequency Paul trap. The electric-quadrupole transition from the 2S1/2(F=0) ground state to the 2D3/2(F=2) state at the wavelength of 436 nm is used as the reference transition. The reference transition is probed by a frequency-doubled, frequency-stabilized diode laser and is resolved with a Fourier-limited full halfwidth of approximately 30 Hz. In order to compare two 171Yb+ standards, separate frequency shift and servo systems are employed to stabilise the probe frequency to the reference transition line centers of two independently stored 171Yb+ ions. The present experimental results indicate a relative instability (Allan standard deviation)of the optical frequency difference between the two systems of sigma_y(1000 s)=1.0E-15 and a mean frequency difference of 0.2 Hz. Shifts in the range of several Hertz are observed in the frequency difference if a stationary electric field gradient is superimposed on the radiofrequency trap field. This measurement permits a first experimental estimate of the electric quadrupole moment of the 2D3/2 state of Yb+.
We describe experimental investigations on an optical frequency standard based on a single laser cooled 171Yb+ ion confined in a radiofrequency Paul trap. The 435.5 nm electric-quadrupole transition from the 2S1/2(F=0) groudn state to the 2D3/2(F=2) state is probed using a diode laser system whose short-term frequency stability is derived from an environmentally isolated ULE cavity. The transition is resolved with a Foruier-limited full halfwidth of approximately 30 Hz. The absolute optical transition frequency is determined using a femtosecond frequency comb generator and a Cs fountain clock as the frequency reference. The measured frequency value is 688 358 979 321 Hz at an ambient blackbody radiation field of 300 K. The 1σ fractional uncertainty of this frequency measurement is 1×10-14.
We present the setup of our optical frequency standard (OFS) “TOPTICLOCK”. It is based on the 2S1/2 (F=0) – 2D3/2 (F=2) electric quadrupole transition at 435.5 nm of a single laser-cooled and trapped 171Yb+ ion. All required subsystems are contained in two transportable 19” rack compartments. By comparing it with a laboratory-style OFS of the German National Metrology Institute (PTB), which operates on the 467 nm electric octupole transition, using a TOPTICA DFC optical frequency comb, a frequency instability of 5×10-15/√τ with systematic uncertainty below 2×10-17 was demonstrated. The performance of TOPTICLOCK was also benchmarked by directly comparing it to another OFS operating also at the 435.5 nm clock transition. An agreement between both systems with a total uncertainty well below 10-17 was obtained.