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Are there any photons in the dark fringes of double slit experiment?

Akbar Rahmani Nejad, Pejman Rahmani Nejad

Published Aug 21, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We know that bright fringes on the observation-screen is the Fourier transform of light intensity that passes through diffraction slit (aperture) and we know according to Parseval and Rayleigh Theorems the power or energy of a function before and after Fourier transform is not changed that means the total intensity of light emerging slits is equal to the total intensity of bright fringes on the observation screen, but on the other hand according to destructive and constructive interference of light, some portions of the light passing through the slits destructively interfere to constitute dark fringes which means the total light intensity of fringes should be less than the total intensity passing through the slit. This is a violation of the Fourier transform. On the other hand, this paper is augmented by some very new experiments which show there are no photons in the dark fringes. A diffraction experiment by sticking narrow and small width mirrors on the dark fringes that according to the classical interpretation after destructive interference on the dark fringes should be reflected and could be found by sensors at other directions (specially reflection angle) and another experiment that by making a 1mm hole in the middle of the first dark fringe, we expect that photons can be detected by the light detector after destructive interference (passing through one another) behind the observation plan but no photon is detected. Finally, this paper provides a complete physical model associated with mathematical analysis and formulation that is based on the Schrödinger equation. This model answers to single Photon (electron) double-slit experiment with a high degree of accuracy.

DOI
10.1117/12.2565899

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We know that bright fringes on the observation-screen is the Fourier transform of light intensity that passes through diffraction slit (aperture) and we know according to Parseval and Rayleigh Theorems the power or energy of a function before and after Fourier transform is not changed that means the total intensity of light emerging slits is equal to the total intensity of bright fringes on the observation screen, but on the other hand according to destructive and constructive interference of light, some portions of the light passing through the slits destructively interfere to constitute dark fringes which means the total light intensity of fringes should be less than the total intensity passing through the slit. This is a violation of the Fourier transform. On the other hand, this paper is augmented by some very new experiments which show there are no photons in the dark fringes. A diffraction experiment by sticking narrow and small width mirrors on the dark fringes that according to the classical interpretation after destructive interference on the dark fringes should be reflected and could be found by sensors at other directions (specially reflection angle) and another experiment that by making a 1mm hole in the middle of the first dark fringe, we expect that photons can be detected by the light detector after destructive interference (passing through one another) behind the observation plan but no photon is detected. Finally, this paper provides a complete physical model associated with mathematical analysis and formulation that is based on the Schrödinger equation. This model answers to single Photon (electron) double-slit experiment with a high degree of accuracy.
This paper presents the 2013 double-slit experiment "Particle Solution to the Double Slit Experiment" (University of Arizona), together with a more rigorous 2026 reconstruction of the same test. Part I reproduces the original study verbatim. A slit was cut at a dark fringe on Screen 1 and the light was measured on Screen 2 behind it. The detector current behind the dark fringe was 1.4 mA, equal to the 1.4 mA laser-off noise. The result was interpreted as supporting the particle view. Part II specifies a high-precision modular protocol designed to discriminate between dark-fringe occupancy and interference: a common baseline (Module 0), the Screen-1 dark-fringe profile (A), an aperture-width series (B), Screen-2 profiles behind dark and bright apertures (C), an offset scan (D), and a closure map (E). The standard optical-field prediction is frozen before acquisition. If no light is observed on Screen 2 behind the dark-fringe aperture while the bright control transmits, the particle view is supported. If two fringes appear, matching the frozen template, the wave view is supported. Status: Part I includes the original 2013 detector readings. Part II is a prospective protocol; no data have been acquired under it. Files: manuscript (PDF), LaTeX source, supplementary forward model (double_slit_field_model.py), and example configuration (asbuilt_example.json), which reproduces the illustrative values in Section II.12.
The bright dark stripe image of double slit interference is significantly different from the bright dark stripe image of single slit diffraction. At present, there is no research on how to transition from double slit interference to single slit diffraction for bright and dark stripe images. An experiment was proposed to observe the changes in bright and dark stripe images by gradually blocking the right slit of the double slit, transforming the double slit interference into single slit diffraction. A new discovery has been made, which cannot be explained by the wave theory of light, a bright stripe that cannot disappears. A new theory was proposed that after passing through the double slit mask, light move in a spiral elliptical shape, and photons are thrown out at the edge of the ellipse, which is also the center of the double slit mask, forming a bright stripe forward. And the residual light from the left slit creates a bright stripe that cannot disappears. Finally, software simulations using Python Turtle demonstrate that the new theory is correct.
Abstract The Young's double slit experiment and the electron double slit experiment are generally considered to prove the wave nature of light and electrons. The most obvious sign of the double-slit experiment is that there are bright and dark stripes on the screen. However, people have not carefully studied the causes of the light and dark stripes. Here, we demonstrates that the light and dark fringe in Young's double-slit experiment is not actually the diffraction and interference pattern of light wave, and tries to reveal the real reason for its formation. We have studied the scattering phenomenon of particle flow after passing through the gap, and found that the scattering type and scattering degree of freedom of particle flow are determined by the physical parameters of particles and the gap, and the uniform scattering of particle flow can form a "yes" and "no" discrete distribution pattern on the receiving screen. Based on the "diffraction like" and "interference like" mechanism of particle flow, this paper explains the electron diffraction and interference experiment, as well as the Young's double-slit interference experiment and the diffraction of light through circular holes and plates. This paper negates the wave-particle duality and the de Broglie material wave hypothesis, fundamentally shaking the foundation of modern quantum mechanics, and has great scientific significance.
The double slit experiment was first conceived of by the English physician-physicist Thomas Young in 1801. It was the first demonstrative proof that light possesses a wave nature. In this experiment, light is made to pass through two very narrow slits that are spaced closely apart and a screen placed on the other side captures a pattern of alternating bright and dark stripes called fringes, formed as a result of the interference of ripples of light emanating from either slit. The relative positions and intensities of the fringes on the screen can be calculated by employing two assumptions that help simplify the geometry of the slit-screen arrangement. Firstly, the screen to slit distance is taken to be larger than the inter-slit distance (far field limit) and secondly, the inter-slit distance is taken to be larger than the wavelength of light. This conventional approach can account for the positions and intensities of the fringes located in the central portion of the screen with a fair degree of precision. It however, fails to account for those fringes located in the peripheral portions of the screen and also, is not applicable to the case wherein the screen to slit distance is made comparable to the inter-slit distance (near field limit). In this paper, the original analysis of Young’s Experiment is reformulated using an analytically derived hyperbola equation, which is formed from the locus of the points of intersections of two uniformly expanding circular wavefronts of light that emanate from either slit source. Additionally, the shape of the screen used to capture the interference pattern is varied (linear, semicircular, semielliptical) and the relative positions of the fringes is calculated for each case. This new approach bears the distinctive advantage that it is applicable in both the far field and the near field scenarios, and since no assumptions are made beyond the Huygens-Fresnel principle, it is therefore, a much more generalized approach. For these reasons, the author suggests that the new analysis ought to be introduced into the Wave Optics chapter of the undergraduate Physics curriculum.