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Журнал технической физики

Генерация аттосекундного импульса на основе коллективного спонтанного излучения слоя трехуровневых атомов, возбуждаемых парой униполярных импульсов

Р. М. Архипов, М.В. Архипов, Ihar Babushkin, А.В. Пахомов, Н.Н. Розанов

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, for the generation of extremely short pulses, a method was proposed for coherent control of the polarization of a medium, based on the excitation of atomic polarization oscillations and their subsequent arrest using a pair of ultra short pulses. The so-called stopped pulse of polarization of the medium, which appears in the interval between its excitation and de-excitation, can be a source of an extremely short radiation pulse. In this paper, the indicated possibility of generating an isolated attosecond ultraviolet pulse in a three-level resonant medium, the parameters of which correspond to a hydrogen atom excited by a pair of unipolar X-ray pulses, is considered theoretically. In this case, the generation mechanism is "antenna", that is, it is caused by the collective spontaneous emission of pre-phased atoms in the absence of a noticeable decay of their free polarization. Key words: collective spontaneous emission, coherent control of atomic polarization, attosecond pulses, unipolar pulses, X-ray pulses, hydrogen atom.

DOI
10.21883/os.2020.11.50176.182-20

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Журнал технической физики•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations
Recently, for the generation of extremely short pulses, a method was proposed for coherent control of the polarization of a medium, based on the excitation of atomic polarization oscillations and their subsequent arrest using a pair of ultra short pulses. The so-called stopped pulse of polarization of the medium, which appears in the interval between its excitation and de-excitation, can be a source of an extremely short radiation pulse. In this paper, the indicated possibility of generating an isolated attosecond ultraviolet pulse in a three-level resonant medium, the parameters of which correspond to a hydrogen atom excited by a pair of unipolar X-ray pulses, is considered theoretically. In this case, the generation mechanism is "antenna", that is, it is caused by the collective spontaneous emission of pre-phased atoms in the absence of a noticeable decay of their free polarization. Key words: collective spontaneous emission, coherent control of atomic polarization, attosecond pulses, unipolar pulses, X-ray pulses, hydrogen atom.
Abstract A method of coherent controlling the polarization of a medium has been proposed recently for the generation of extremely short pulses. The method is based on the excitation of atomic polarization oscillations and their subsequent stop using a pair of ultrashort pulses. The so-called stopped pulse of the polarization of a medium, which arises in the interval between its excitation and deexcitation, can be a source of an extremely short radiation pulse. In this work, the above-indicated possibility of generation of an isolated attosecond ultraviolet pulse in a three-level resonant medium whose parameters correspond to a hydrogen atom excited by a pair of unipolar X-ray pulses is considered theoretically. In this case, the generation mechanism is of the antenna-type, that is, it is caused by the collective spontaneous emission of pre-phased atoms in the absence of a noticeable decay of their free polarization.
The possibility of generating extremely short pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation due to superradiance - collective spontaneous emission of stopped polarization of a thin layer of a three-level resonant medium excited by a pair of attosecond (or femtosecond) pulses is studied theoretically. The source of a terahertz pulse is a pulse of stopped nonlinear polarization of the medium, which occurs in the interval between its excitation and de-excitation. The case of a three-level medium with equidistant energy levels (as in a quantum harmonic oscillator), the transition frequency of which lies in the THz range, is considered. The influence of the populations of the excited levels of the medium on the shape of the terahertz superradiance pulse is discussed.
Attosecond pulses can be used to create and control coherence in resonant media, since their duration is shorter than the population relaxation times T_1 and medium polarization T_2. Previously, the possibility of creating and ultrafast control of electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIG) of atomic populations in a resonant medium was shown using a sequence of extremely short light pulses, when the pulses coherently interact with the medium and do not simultaneously overlap in the medium. These studies were carried out in various approximations, when a finite number of energy levels of the medium is taken into account, or when the pulse amplitude is small. In this paper, based on a direct numerical solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation without the indicated approximations, we study the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of populations and the creation of an EMIG by a pair of attosecond pulses in a multilevel resonant medium with a low density of particles. The medium is modeled using a one-dimensional rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The studies performed show the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of the properties of resonant media based on quantum wells using attosecond pulses.
Our recent theoretical studies of generation of ultrashort pulses based on collective spontaneous emission from a thin resonant medium layer excited by a pair of high-frequency (compared to the transition frequency of the medium) pulses are reviewed. The source of generated radiation is a resonant polarization pulse in the medium (“stopped polarization pulse”), which is excited and switched off by a pair of light pump pulses. This method allows obtaining attosecond pulses in the optical and ultraviolet ranges, as well as femtosecond terahertz pulses. The effect of the superradiance in generation is discussed. The use of coherent and collective processes makes it possible to achieve a high efficiency of the generation of terahertz radiation. The proposed method is an alternative method of obtaining ultrashort pulses compared to the currently well-developed methods such as the high-harmonic generation method.
The possibility of population density grating in a gas of hydrogen atoms using a pair ultraviolet (UV) attosecond pulses that do not overlap in the medium is studied. Wherein the central frequency of the pulses can both coincide with the frequency of the resonant transition 1−2 from the main state in the first excited state (the main line of the Lyman series), and be detuned from it. The results of numerical calculations are in agreement with the analytical values ​​obtained on the basis of approximate solution of Schrödinger equation using perturbation theory. It is shown that under resonant excitation the greatest efficiency of the grating is achieved with an increase in the pulse duration. When nonresonant excitation, on the contrary, the system is more efficiently excited by short quasi-unipolar subcycle pulses than bipolar multicycle pulses. The results obtained can be applicable to coherent excitation of a single atom (thin layer) using a pair of UV pulses. The possibility of controlling the modulation depth of the gratings by changing the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of attosecond pulses is shown.