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IEEE International Conference on Signal, Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP)

Photonic energy-time entangement in quantum communications

Wei Zhang, Yidong Huang

Published Dec 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This talk introduces our recent works on how to use photonic energy-time entanglement in quantum communications. On one hand, we realized entanglement based dispersive optics quantum key distribution over optical fibers of 20 kilometers, in which time encoding based on energy-time entanglement was used. On the other hand, we proposed and demonstrated a scheme of temporal quantum ghost imaging, which could be realized by correlations in either frequency or time in energy-time entangled photon pairs. Based on it, a scheme of quantum secure ghost imaging was proposed and demonstrated, and it was applied on a new protocol of multi-bit QDS recently.

DOI
10.1109/icsidp47821.2019.9173444

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This talk introduces our recent works on how to use photonic energy-time entanglement in quantum communications. On one hand, we realized entanglement based dispersive optics quantum key distribution over optical fibers of 20 kilometers, in which time encoding based on energy-time entanglement was used. On the other hand, we proposed and demonstrated a scheme of temporal quantum ghost imaging, which could be realized by correlations in either frequency or time in energy-time entangled photon pairs. Based on it, a scheme of quantum secure ghost imaging was proposed and demonstrated, and it was applied on a new protocol of multi-bit QDS recently.
An energy-time entanglement-based dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) is demonstrated experimentally over optical fibers of 20 km. In the experiment, the telecom band energy-time entangled photon pairs are generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon waveguide. The arrival time of photons is registered for key generation and security test. High-dimensional encoding in the arrival time of photons is used to increase the information per coincidence of photon pairs. The bin sifting process is optimized by a three-level structure, which significantly reduces the raw quantum bit error rate (QBER) due to timing jitters of detectors and electronics. A raw key generation rate of 151 kbps with a QBER of 4.95% is achieved, in a time bin encoding format with 4 bits per coincidence. This experiment shows that the entanglement-based DO-QKD can be implemented in an efficient and convenient way, which has great potential for quantum secure communication networks in the future.
Abstract Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) is an essential ingredient in quantum communication, owing to the property of source-independent security and the potential on constructing large-scale quantum communication networks. However, implementation of entanglement-based QKD over long-distance optical fiber links is still challenging, especially over deployed fibers. In this work, we report an experimental QKD using energy-time entangled photon pairs that transmit over optical fibers of 242 km (including a section of 19 km deployed fibers). The QKD is realized through the protocol of dispersive-optics QKD (DO-QKD) with high-dimensional encoding to utilize coincidence counts more efficiently. A reliable, high-accuracy time synchronization technology for long-distance entanglement-based QKD is developed based on the distribution of optical pulses in quantum channels. Our system operates continuously for more than 7 d without active polarization or phase calibration. We ultimately generate secure keys with secure key rates of 0.22 bps and 0.06 bps in the asymptotic and finite-size regimes, respectively. It shows that entanglement-based DO-QKD is reliable for long-distance realization in the field if its high requirement on time synchronization is satisfied.
In this work, we propose a scheme of quantum secure ghost imaging (QSGI), which combines temporal quantum ghost imaging and security test based on quantum entanglement. Utilizing the quantum feature of entangled photon pairs, the eavesdropping in the imaging process can be detected, with a certain degree of protection on the object information. The proposed scheme is demonstrated by experiment, in which photon pairs are generated by a quantum light source based on a silicon waveguide. Two-dimensional patterns are imaged line by line over 50 km optical fibers and the security test is realized by two-photon interference for energy-time entanglement. QSGI could be applied in scenarios of secure imaging and surveillance, and may inspire new ideas on specific quantum communication tasks.
The coexistence of quantum and classical light in the same fiber link is extremely desired in developing quantum communication. It has been implemented for different quantum information tasks, such as classical light coexisting with polarization-entangled photons at telecom O-band, and with quantum signal based quantum key distribution (QKD). In this work, we demonstrate the coexistence of energy-time entanglement based QKD and fiber optical communication at the telecom C-band. The property of noise from the classical channel is characterized with classical light at different wavelengths. With the largest noise, i.e., the worst case, the properties of energy-time entanglement are measured at different fiber optical communication rates. By measuring the two-photon interference of energy-time entanglement, our results show that a visibility of 82.01$\pm$1.10\% is achieved with a bidirectional 20 Gbps fiber optical communication over 40 km. Furthermore, by performing the BBM92 protocol for QKD, a secret key rate of 245 bits per second could be generated with a quantum bit error rate of 8.88\% with the coexisted energy-time entanglement.~Our demonstration paves the way for developing the infrastructure for quantum networks compatible with fiber optical communication.