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Journal of Physics Conference Series

The effect of measurement noise on the typical quantum teleportation protocol

Zhang Zhaolei, Ma Zhiqiang, Lei Shi

Published Aug 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum teleportation is an important reaseach direction of quantum communication. Quantum meaurement is one of necessary physical implementation for quantum teleportation. Thus, this paper explored the influence of measurement noise on quantum teleportation. The realization steps of quantum teleportation with measurement noise are presented. From the density operation and fidelity value, the performance of quantum teleportation is analyzed. The research results about measurement noise might be utilized for quantum communication.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1617/1/012032

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Abstract Quantum teleportation is an important reaseach direction of quantum communication. Quantum meaurement is one of necessary physical implementation for quantum teleportation. Thus, this paper explored the influence of measurement noise on quantum teleportation. The realization steps of quantum teleportation with measurement noise are presented. From the density operation and fidelity value, the performance of quantum teleportation is analyzed. The research results about measurement noise might be utilized for quantum communication.
Quantum teleportation plays a significant role in the field of quantum communication. This paper investigates quantum teleportation through a noisy environment by using GHZ state and non-standard W state as quantum channels. We analyze the efficiency of quantum teleportation by solving analytically a master equation in Lindblad form. Following the quantum teleportation protocol, we obtain the fidelity of quantum teleportation as a function of evolution time. The calculation results show that the teleportation fidelity using non-standard W is higher in comparison to GHZ state at the same evolution time. Moreover, we consider the efficiency of teleportation with weak measurements and reverse quantum measurement under amplitude damping noise. Our analysis suggests that the teleportation fidelity using non-standard W is also more robust to noise than GHZ state in the same conditions. Interestingly, we found that weak measurement and its reverse operation have no positive effect on the efficiency of quantum teleportation by using GHZ and non-standard W state in the amplitude damping noise environment. In addition, we also demonstrate the efficiency of quantum teleportation can be improved by making minor modifications to the protocol.
Quantum teleportation (QT) is the principal method of transferring quantum states from one place to another without actually revealing which quantum state is being transferred. This protocol makes use of entangled states shared between the sending and receiving stations, and two bits of classical information. However, in real communication systems which are used to carry the entangled state, a typical noise results in the degradation of the fidelity of teleported states. The protocol of controlled quantum teleportation (CQT) represents an extension to the standard quantum teleportation (SQT) with includes the third entity, so called “controller“, and is based on sharing of a tripartite entangled quantum state. The role of controller is to permit the fidelity of teleported state to be higher than it can be done using only classical resources. As a typical noise has detrimental effect on the performance of quantum teleportation protocols, In this work, a study of different noisy channels, which can exhibit the Markovian or non-Markovian dynamics is presented. Each noisy channel is characterized by the teleportation fidelity and by the control power.
Quantum teleportation is one of the most pioneering features of the quantum world. Typically, the quality of a teleportation protocol is solely judged by its average fidelity. In this work, we analyze the performance of teleportation in terms of both fidelity and the deviation in fidelity. Specifically, we define a quantity called teleportability score, which incorporates contributions from both the fidelity and its deviation. It also takes into account the sensitivity one requires for a protocol in which the teleportation of a quantum state is required in one or many intermediate steps. We compute the teleportability score in the noiseless scenario and find that it increases monotonically with the entanglement content of the considered pure resource states. The result remains the same even if we consider an nnn-chain repeater-like configuration. However, in the presence of noise, the teleportability score can sometime display a nonmonotonic behavior with respect to the entanglement content of the initially shared resource state. Specifically, under local bit-flip and bit-phase-flip noise, less entangled states can have higher teleportability score for certain choices of system parameters. In the presence of global depolarizing noise, for low entangled resource states and high sensitivity requirements, the noisy states can have better a teleportability score in comparison to the noiseless scenario.
Quantum teleportation relies on entanglement as the quantum resource to be able to communicate with fidelities beyond the classical limit. Nevertheless, the entangled resource may be afflicted by local noise, affecting its ability to serve as the entangled resource for quantum teleportation. We obtain experimental data on the influence of different local environments on the ability of an initially entangled pair of qubits to act as a teleportation resource, after it has been disturbed by noise. We generate selected conditions on the noise parameter space, both theoretically and experimentally, and we find that an already noisy protocol can be made practically insensitive to a further addition of noise. The experimental results are based on a photonic implementation of the quantum teleportation algorithm, with a polarization-entangled pair acting as the quantum resource. The state to be teleported is an additional qubit encoded in the path internal degree of freedom of Alice's photon. Interactions with different local environments on both sides of the system are either implemented with an extra qubit as the environment, or simulated as a weighed average of pure states. We compare our experimental results with the theoretical predictions, and by performing quantum process tomography we can calculate the fidelity of the quantum teleportation scheme and evaluate the effect of local environments.
This work presents a simulation-based study of quantum teleportation for secure communication under ideal, noisy, and adversarial conditions using IBM’s Qiskit framework and the Qiskit Aer simulator. The study begins with the verification of Bell-state entanglement to establish quantum correlation, followed by the implementation of a standard three-qubit quantum teleportation protocol. The teleportation system is evaluated across four experimental scenarios: (i) ideal noiseless teleportation, (ii) depolarizing noise environments, (iii) basis disturbance attacks using unauthorized Hadamard operations, and (iv) entanglement injection attacks introducing an external qubit into the communication channel. Each scenario is analyzed using measurement statistics, probability distributions, and state behavior of the receiver qubit. The results demonstrate that quantum teleportation achieves high fidelity under ideal conditions, while environmental noise introduces statistical degradation in state reconstruction. Furthermore, adversarial interference significantly disrupts teleportation performance, with basis disturbance producing near-uniform probability distributions and entanglement injection altering receiver-side measurement statistics. This study highlights both the robustness and vulnerability of quantum communication protocols and emphasizes the importance of noise mitigation, entanglement security, and attack detection mechanisms in future quantum networking systems. The work is entirely simulation-based and implemented using Python and Qiskit.
Abstract The proposal of the quantum teleportation(QT) is to transfer an unknown quantum state from one place to another through local operations and classical communication. However, the efficiency of standard QT will be significantly reduced due to the influence of the inevitable noise in environments. In this work, we propose two schemes to improve the efficiency of the QT protocol when quantum channel is subjected to bit-flip or phase-flip noise. We find that the so-called more entanglement means low efficiency in the performance of the standard teleportation protocol, and the optimal fidelity is obtained only by using the appropriate unitary operation. Specially, we show that the optimal averaged fidelity to our schemes is always more than the best classically achievable fidelity 2/3. We also provide a physical explanation of the obtained conclusions and our results will be helpful for improving quantum communication with real implementation.