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IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Secrecy Outage Minimization for Wireless-Powered Relay Networks With Destination-Assisted Cooperative Jamming

Kisong Lee, Junseong Bang, Hyun-Ho Choi

Published Aug 3, 2020• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To solve security vulnerability and energy scarcity problems in relay, we propose two secure relaying protocols, power splitting-based relaying (PSR) and time switching-based relaying (TSR), in a wireless-powered relay network with destination-assisted cooperative jamming. In these protocols, the relay adaptively controls the amount of energy harvested from the received signals using PS or TS policy, considering information leakage to the eavesdropper. We first prove the convexity of the secrecy outage probability with respect to the PS ratio ($\rho $) and TS ratio ($\alpha $), and then derive the closed-form expressions of the optimal$\rho $and$\alpha $for minimizing secrecy outage under the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assumption. Numerical results reveal that the proposed PSR and TSR protocols using the derived$\rho $and$\alpha $can achieve near-optimal performance in terms of secrecy outage. It is observed that the optimal$\rho $and$\alpha $do not depend on the eavesdropping channels in a high SNR regime such that the near-optimal secrecy outage can be achieved practically without knowledge of the eavesdropper location. Furthermore, intensive simulations reveal that it is advantageous to allocate more power to energy harvesting for PSR, whereas more time to signal processing for TSR to minimize secrecy outage.

DOI
10.1109/jiot.2020.3013573

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To solve security vulnerability and energy scarcity problems in relay, we propose two secure relaying protocols, power splitting-based relaying (PSR) and time switching-based relaying (TSR), in a wireless-powered relay network with destination-assisted cooperative jamming. In these protocols, the relay adaptively controls the amount of energy harvested from the received signals using PS or TS policy, considering information leakage to the eavesdropper. We first prove the convexity of the secrecy outage probability with respect to the PS ratio (ρ\rho ρ) and TS ratio (α\alpha α), and then derive the closed-form expressions of the optimalρ\rho ρandα\alpha αfor minimizing secrecy outage under the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assumption. Numerical results reveal that the proposed PSR and TSR protocols using the derivedρ\rho ρandα\alpha αcan achieve near-optimal performance in terms of secrecy outage. It is observed that the optimalρ\rho ρandα\alpha αdo not depend on the eavesdropping channels in a high SNR regime such that the near-optimal secrecy outage can be achieved practically without knowledge of the eavesdropper location. Furthermore, intensive simulations reveal that it is advantageous to allocate more power to energy harvesting for PSR, whereas more time to signal processing for TSR to minimize secrecy outage.
A two-hop relay network is considered, in which an eavesdropper can overhear the relaying signal. To prevent the eavesdropper from decoding this signal, a destination transmits a jamming noise while a source transmits the data signal to the relay. At the same time, the relay can harvest energy from both the source signal and the jamming noise, and use this harvested energy to forward the received signal to the destination. In such a wireless-powered relay system with cooperative jamming, we propose two adaptive relaying schemes based on power splitting and time switching techniques. In the proposed power splitting-based relaying (PSR) and time switching-based relaying (TSR) schemes, the relay controls the power splitting ratio (p) and time switching ratio (α), respectively, in order to achieve a balance between signal processing and energy harvesting. We find analytically the optimal values of p and α in each scheme to maximize the secrecy capacity under the assumption of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Interestingly, although the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI) is used in the derivation of the optimal control parameters (p and α), they are shown not to be affected by the eavesdropper's CSI in a high SNR regime. This implies that the proposed schemes can be effective even for practical environments where there is no eavesdropper's CSI. Furthermore, simulation results show that they well coincide with the exact solutions in practical environments even though the closed-form solutions are obtained with a high SNR assumption. Moreover, the comparisons of PSR and TSR in various scenarios show that the two relaying schemes have complementary performances depending on the network conditions. Specifically, PSR achieves greater secrecy capacity than TSR when the channel condition is unfavorable to the eavesdropper for wiretapping.
The broadcast nature of the wireless medium allows unintended users to eavesdrop on confidential information transmission. In this regard, we investigate the problem of secure communication between a source and a destination via a wireless energy harvesting untrusted node that acts as a helper to relay the information; however, the source and destination nodes wish to keep the information confidential from the relay node. To realize the positive secrecy rate, we use destination-assisted jamming. Being an energy-starved node, the untrusted relay harvests energy from the received radio-frequency (RF) signals, which include the source's information signal and the destination's jamming signal. Thus, we utilize the jamming signal efficiently by leveraging it as a useful energy source. At the relay, to enable energy harvesting and information processing, we adopt power splitting (PS) and time switching (TS) policies. To evaluate the secrecy performance of this proposed scenario, we derive analytical expressions for two important metrics, viz., the secrecy outage probability and the ergodic secrecy rate. The numerical analysis reveals design insights into the effects of different system parameters such as PS ratio, energy harvesting time, target secrecy rate, transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), relay location, and energy conversion efficiency factor, on secrecy performance. Specifically, the PS policy achieves better optimal secrecy outage probability and optimal ergodic secrecy rate than that of the TS policy at higher target secrecy rate and transmit SNR, respectively.
This paper considers a two-way relay network, in which two sources exchange data through a relay and a cooperative jammer transmits an artificial noise (AN) while a number of nearby eavesdroppers overhear to recover data from both sources. The relay harvests energy from the two source signals and the AN, and then, uses this harvested energy to forward the received signals to the two sources. Each source eliminates its own signal from the relaying signal by self-cancellation and then decodes the data signal received from the other source. For this wireless-powered two-way relay system, we propose two secure relay protocols based on power splitting and time switching techniques. The two protocols are power splitting-based two-way relaying (PS-TWR) and time switching-based two-way relaying (TS-TWR), in which the relay, respectively, controls the power splitting ratio (p) and time switching ratio (α), in order to achieve a balance between the data receiving and the energy harvesting. The optimal values of p and α for each protocol are found analytically to maximize the minimum guaranteed secrecy capacity (CSmin) considering multiple eavesdroppers in high signal-to-noise ratio environments. Numerical results show that both the PS-TWR and TS-TWR protocols using the optimized values of p and α achieve the near-optimal CSminno matter how many eavesdroppers exist anywhere. Comparisons of the two protocols in various scenarios also show that PS-TWR achieves better CSminthan TS-TWR because PS-TWR inherently has a shorter vulnerable time for eavesdropping than TS-TWR.
This work investigates the security issue of the energy-constrained untrusted relay network with imperfect channel reciprocity, where the relay without the built-in power supply can only scavenge energy from radio-frequency signals radiated by the source and destination. A hybrid power-splitting (PS)- and time-switching (TS)-based relaying (HPTR) protocol is presented to improve the degraded secrecy performance due to the incomplete self-interference cancellation at the destination. To evaluate the secrecy throughput (ST) of the studied system, the analytical expression of the secrecy outage probability under the delay-limited transmission mode and the closed-form lower bound of the ergodic secrecy capacity under delay-tolerant transmission mode are derived. Both linear and nonlinear models for the energy harvester at the relay are compared. The optimal PS and TS ratios are evaluated numerically. The theoretical derivations are validated by numerical results, revealing that the residual jamming has a negative effect on the secrecy performance of untrusted relay networks, which can be alleviated by the HPTR protocol. Besides, we compare the ST performance of the HPTR protocol with that of the PS and TS relaying schemes, and the results show that the HPTR protocol outperforms both PS and TS relaying protocols in terms of the ST.
Summary In this paper, we investigate the problem of secure communication for a scenario, which consists of one pair of source‐destination nodes and one untrusted relay. The source communicates with the destination via the help of energy harvesting–aware untrusted relay, which acts as the helper to forward the source information to the destination; however, the relay also acts as the unintended user to eavesdrop the source information. To keep the source information confidential from untrusted relay, the destination‐assisted jamming technique is deployed. We evaluate the impact of energy harvesting protocols on such a secure communication scenario through the proposed energy transfer protocols, namely, source‐based energy harvesting protocol and maximum energy harvesting protocol. To evaluate the secrecy performance of these proposed schemes, we derive analytical expressions for two important performance metrics including intercept probability and strictly positive secrecy capacity. The numerical analysis reveals the different trade‐off between secure performance and relevant system parameters (i.e., power splitting ratio, time switching ratio, energy conversion efficiency, transmit signal‐to‐noise ratio, and relay location). Simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical expression.
Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is a major breakthrough in the field of low-power wireless information transmissions. In this paper, the secrecy performance of the SWIPT-enabled relay network with full-duplex destination-aided jamming is assessed, where both the power-splitting (PS) and time-switching (TS) schemes at the relay are considered with the linear and nonlinear energy harvesting models. The relay harvests energy from the confidential signal and artificial noise sent by the source and destination, respectively, and forwards the amplified signal to the destination, in the presence of an eavesdropper. The analytical closed-form expressions of the connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP), and transmission outage probability (TOP) for PS- and TS-based schemes are derived, and the closed-form expression of the lower bound of ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) is calculated. The asymptotic-form expressions of the COP, SOP, TOP, and ESC are further analyzed to capture the valuable information in the high SNR regime. Numerical results verify the correctness of analytical results, reveal the effects of the PS/TS ratio, and transmit the signal-to-noise ratio on secrecy performance.