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IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Adaptive Wireless-Powered Relaying Schemes With Cooperative Jamming for Two-Hop Secure Communication

Kisong Lee, Jun‐Pyo Hong, Hyun-Ho Choi, Marco Levorato

Published Apr 27, 2018• 53 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A two-hop relay network is considered, in which an eavesdropper can overhear the relaying signal. To prevent the eavesdropper from decoding this signal, a destination transmits a jamming noise while a source transmits the data signal to the relay. At the same time, the relay can harvest energy from both the source signal and the jamming noise, and use this harvested energy to forward the received signal to the destination. In such a wireless-powered relay system with cooperative jamming, we propose two adaptive relaying schemes based on power splitting and time switching techniques. In the proposed power splitting-based relaying (PSR) and time switching-based relaying (TSR) schemes, the relay controls the power splitting ratio (p) and time switching ratio (α), respectively, in order to achieve a balance between signal processing and energy harvesting. We find analytically the optimal values of p and α in each scheme to maximize the secrecy capacity under the assumption of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Interestingly, although the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI) is used in the derivation of the optimal control parameters (p and α), they are shown not to be affected by the eavesdropper's CSI in a high SNR regime. This implies that the proposed schemes can be effective even for practical environments where there is no eavesdropper's CSI. Furthermore, simulation results show that they well coincide with the exact solutions in practical environments even though the closed-form solutions are obtained with a high SNR assumption. Moreover, the comparisons of PSR and TSR in various scenarios show that the two relaying schemes have complementary performances depending on the network conditions. Specifically, PSR achieves greater secrecy capacity than TSR when the channel condition is unfavorable to the eavesdropper for wiretapping.

DOI
10.1109/jiot.2018.2830880

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A two-hop relay network is considered, in which an eavesdropper can overhear the relaying signal. To prevent the eavesdropper from decoding this signal, a destination transmits a jamming noise while a source transmits the data signal to the relay. At the same time, the relay can harvest energy from both the source signal and the jamming noise, and use this harvested energy to forward the received signal to the destination. In such a wireless-powered relay system with cooperative jamming, we propose two adaptive relaying schemes based on power splitting and time switching techniques. In the proposed power splitting-based relaying (PSR) and time switching-based relaying (TSR) schemes, the relay controls the power splitting ratio (p) and time switching ratio (α), respectively, in order to achieve a balance between signal processing and energy harvesting. We find analytically the optimal values of p and α in each scheme to maximize the secrecy capacity under the assumption of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Interestingly, although the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI) is used in the derivation of the optimal control parameters (p and α), they are shown not to be affected by the eavesdropper's CSI in a high SNR regime. This implies that the proposed schemes can be effective even for practical environments where there is no eavesdropper's CSI. Furthermore, simulation results show that they well coincide with the exact solutions in practical environments even though the closed-form solutions are obtained with a high SNR assumption. Moreover, the comparisons of PSR and TSR in various scenarios show that the two relaying schemes have complementary performances depending on the network conditions. Specifically, PSR achieves greater secrecy capacity than TSR when the channel condition is unfavorable to the eavesdropper for wiretapping.
To solve security vulnerability and energy scarcity problems in relay, we propose two secure relaying protocols, power splitting-based relaying (PSR) and time switching-based relaying (TSR), in a wireless-powered relay network with destination-assisted cooperative jamming. In these protocols, the relay adaptively controls the amount of energy harvested from the received signals using PS or TS policy, considering information leakage to the eavesdropper. We first prove the convexity of the secrecy outage probability with respect to the PS ratio ($\rho )andTSratio() and TS ratio ()andTSratio(\alpha ),andthenderivetheclosed−formexpressionsoftheoptimal), and then derive the closed-form expressions of the optimal),andthenderivetheclosed−formexpressionsoftheoptimal\rho andandand\alpha forminimizingsecrecyoutageunderthesignal−to−noiseratio(SNR)assumption.NumericalresultsrevealthattheproposedPSRandTSRprotocolsusingthederivedfor minimizing secrecy outage under the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assumption. Numerical results reveal that the proposed PSR and TSR protocols using the derivedforminimizingsecrecyoutageunderthesignal−to−noiseratio(SNR)assumption.NumericalresultsrevealthattheproposedPSRandTSRprotocolsusingthederived\rho andandand\alpha canachievenear−optimalperformanceintermsofsecrecyoutage.Itisobservedthattheoptimalcan achieve near-optimal performance in terms of secrecy outage. It is observed that the optimalcanachievenear−optimalperformanceintermsofsecrecyoutage.Itisobservedthattheoptimal\rho andandand\alpha $do not depend on the eavesdropping channels in a high SNR regime such that the near-optimal secrecy outage can be achieved practically without knowledge of the eavesdropper location. Furthermore, intensive simulations reveal that it is advantageous to allocate more power to energy harvesting for PSR, whereas more time to signal processing for TSR to minimize secrecy outage.
This paper considers a two-way relay network, in which two sources exchange data through a relay and a cooperative jammer transmits an artificial noise (AN) while a number of nearby eavesdroppers overhear to recover data from both sources. The relay harvests energy from the two source signals and the AN, and then, uses this harvested energy to forward the received signals to the two sources. Each source eliminates its own signal from the relaying signal by self-cancellation and then decodes the data signal received from the other source. For this wireless-powered two-way relay system, we propose two secure relay protocols based on power splitting and time switching techniques. The two protocols are power splitting-based two-way relaying (PS-TWR) and time switching-based two-way relaying (TS-TWR), in which the relay, respectively, controls the power splitting ratio (p) and time switching ratio (α), in order to achieve a balance between the data receiving and the energy harvesting. The optimal values of p and α for each protocol are found analytically to maximize the minimum guaranteed secrecy capacity (CSmin) considering multiple eavesdroppers in high signal-to-noise ratio environments. Numerical results show that both the PS-TWR and TS-TWR protocols using the optimized values of p and α achieve the near-optimal CSminno matter how many eavesdroppers exist anywhere. Comparisons of the two protocols in various scenarios also show that PS-TWR achieves better CSminthan TS-TWR because PS-TWR inherently has a shorter vulnerable time for eavesdropping than TS-TWR.
In this paper, we analyze the secrecy performance of a dual hop communication system with decode and forward relay (DFR) in the presence of an eavesdropper (EAV), which operates in full duplex mode. The secrecy capacity of the system is enhanced by using a Hybrid scheme of combination of time switching-based relaying (TSR) and power splitting-based relaying (PSR). A novel scheme of assisting the confidential information transmission by simultaneous transmission of jamming signal is presented. Both relay and EAV harvest energy from RF signals by using the Hybrid scheme. The performance of the scheme is evaluated in terms of secrecy outage probability (SOP) under several conditions of network parameters and SNRs of inter node channels. We also compare the results of PSR scheme alone in terms of SOP with Hybrid scheme under our proposed jamming model. MATLAB based simulation of our scheme demonstrates significant reduction of SOP.
The broadcast nature of the wireless medium allows unintended users to eavesdrop on confidential information transmission. In this regard, we investigate the problem of secure communication between a source and a destination via a wireless energy harvesting untrusted node that acts as a helper to relay the information; however, the source and destination nodes wish to keep the information confidential from the relay node. To realize the positive secrecy rate, we use destination-assisted jamming. Being an energy-starved node, the untrusted relay harvests energy from the received radio-frequency (RF) signals, which include the source's information signal and the destination's jamming signal. Thus, we utilize the jamming signal efficiently by leveraging it as a useful energy source. At the relay, to enable energy harvesting and information processing, we adopt power splitting (PS) and time switching (TS) policies. To evaluate the secrecy performance of this proposed scenario, we derive analytical expressions for two important metrics, viz., the secrecy outage probability and the ergodic secrecy rate. The numerical analysis reveals design insights into the effects of different system parameters such as PS ratio, energy harvesting time, target secrecy rate, transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), relay location, and energy conversion efficiency factor, on secrecy performance. Specifically, the PS policy achieves better optimal secrecy outage probability and optimal ergodic secrecy rate than that of the TS policy at higher target secrecy rate and transmit SNR, respectively.
A two-hop relay-eavesdropper channel model with one transmitter,one relay,one receiver and one eavesdropper is considered,where the nodes harvest energy and the save-then-transmit protocol is employed.That is,the nodes harvest energy first,which is then used to transmit the data.The relay is operated as an amplify-and-forward relay,and the destination sends an intended jamming noise to protect information,which is referred as cooperative jamming.First,the condition that ensures the promotion of secrecy capacity is derived.Second,an optimization algorithm to maximize secrecy rate Rsis given,which is based on the optimization of the energy saving time ratioρand the jamming power allocation scaling factorα.Simulation results show that the algorithm has a high convergence speed,and can effectively improve secrecy rate.
Relying on physical layer security is an attractive alternative of utilizing cryptographic algorithms at upper layers of protocol stack for secure communications. In this paper, we consider a two-hop wireless relay network in the presence of an eavesdropper. Our scenario of interest spans over a four-node network model including a source, a destination, a trusted relay, and an untrusted eavesdropper in which the relay forwards the source message in a decode-and-forward (DF) fashion. The source and relay are allowed to use some of their available power to transmit jamming signals in order to create interference at the eavesdropper. The relay and destination are assumed to have the knowledge of the jamming signals. An important question is how to allocate the transmission power of the message signal and that of the jamming signal. First, we propose an optimal power allocation solution in which the knowledge of global channel state information (CSI) is required. To facilitate practical system design, two simple yet sub-optimal power allocation solutions are proposed which do not rely on eavesdropper's channels. For the purpose of performance comparisons, power allocation problems for two benchmark schemes without jamming are also analyzed.