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On the Possibility of Ramsey Interference in Germanium Doped with Shallow Impurities

Veniamin V. Tsyplenkov, Roman Kh. Zhukavin, V. N. Shastin

Published Aug 1, 2020• 0 citations
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Abstract

Abstract The dynamics of the formation and decay of coherent states of shallow impurity centers in crystalline germanium resonantly excited by a pair of laser pulses, following one another with a time delay is analyzed theoretically. The required laser-radiation power, the upper limit on the lattice temperature, and the allowed inhomogeneous broadening of the impurity lines making possible the observation of Ramsey interference in this system are estimated.

DOI
10.1134/s1063782620080242

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Abstract The dynamics of the formation and decay of coherent states of shallow impurity centers in crystalline germanium resonantly excited by a pair of laser pulses, following one another with a time delay is analyzed theoretically. The required laser-radiation power, the upper limit on the lattice temperature, and the allowed inhomogeneous broadening of the impurity lines making possible the observation of Ramsey interference in this system are estimated.
A theoretical study was made of the conditions for observing the photon echo effect in a germanium crystal doped with shallow donors. A numerical calculation of the medium polarization excited by a sequence of two optical pulses at a frequency close to the impurity transition frequency has been made. The effect of excitation pulse parameters, such as the pulse duration, the inhomogeneous broadening of impurity transitions and the relaxation rate of population and coherence in the system on the echo is considered. The key aspect in the experimental implementation of the effect is the control of the crystal temperature under photoexcitation, since the rate of coherence relaxation in the system strongly depends on the temperature of the crystal lattice. Keywords: germanium, shallow donors, coherent effects, photon echo.
A theoretical study was made of the conditions for observing the photon echo effect in a germanium crystal doped with shallow donors. A numerical calculation of the medium polarization excited by a sequence of two optical pulses at a frequency close to the impurity transition frequency has been made. The effect of excitation pulse parameters, such as the pulse duration, the inhomogeneous broadening of impurity transitions and the relaxation rate of population and coherence in the system on the echo is considered. The key aspect in the experimental implementation of the effect is the control of the crystal temperature under photoexcitation, since the rate of coherence relaxation in the system strongly depends on the temperature of the crystal lattice.
Using two coherent time-delayed short pulses, we have demonstrated that one can obtain, in the profile of Doppler-free two-photon resonances, interference fringes with a splitting 12T\frac{1}{2T}2T1​ (TTT, delay time between the two pulses) much smaller than the spectral width $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ of each pulse ($\ensuremath{\tau}$ duration of each pulse). This method should lead to a number of important improvements in the presently available techniques of ultrahigh-resolution laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
Molecular or atomic coherence generated with the irradiation of ultrashort optical pulses should make a significant role for realizing the control of quantum states in a matter. By virtue of the advancement of the ultrashort light sources towards the short wavelength region, the energy range of the quantum states that could be coherently generated reached much more than 15 eV at the present [1] . In particular, Ramsey-type interference fringes observed by scanning the delay between a pair of phase-locked XUV femtosecond pulses unveiled spectral information of the atomic states [2] - [4] . The time ranges of the delay scans in such preceding studies were long enough to finely resolve the spectral features, while the XUV pulse pairs could not temporally overlap because the light sources were split into two before generating the XUV pulses. The near 0 delay control of the XUV pulse pair is important for investigating the dynamics of a cationic system entangled with an ionized continuum electron [5] . In this paper, we performed the delay scan of the XUV pulse pair starting from the complete temporal overlap to show that the optical interference seamlessly continued to the Ramsey-type atomic interference as a prototype of such study.