Smart Cities enclose various industries, sectors, and components. A Smart City application benefits from the data collected using a tremendous number of sensors serving to establish an accurate corporative decision. However, the communication between different components and application of a Smart City exhort security measures as it faces critical security attacks and integrity issues. To medicate this dilemma, researches have used the assistant of Blockchain to secure Smart Cities and improve its decision’s accuracy. Yet, with the recent development of Quantum Computers, Quantum-based algorithms are certainly menacing the security of classical encryption together with Blockchain itself. Thus, threaten the insurance of Blockchain-based application including critical applications such as Smart Cities. In this paper, we demonstrate the Blockchain-based Smart Cities’ framework and we present an understanding overview that encloses the menaces of a Quantum computer on Blockchain and Blockchain-based applications essentially Smart City. We explain as well some Post-Quantum solutions concerning the security of Blockchain-based Smart City.
Smart Cities enclose various industries, sectors, and components. A Smart City application benefits from the data collected using a tremendous number of sensors serving to establish an accurate corporative decision. However, the communication between different components and application of a Smart City exhort security measures as it faces critical security attacks and integrity issues. To medicate this dilemma, researches have used the assistant of Blockchain to secure Smart Cities and improve its decision’s accuracy. Yet, with the recent development of Quantum Computers, Quantum-based algorithms are certainly menacing the security of classical encryption together with Blockchain itself. Thus, threaten the insurance of Blockchain-based application including critical applications such as Smart Cities. In this paper, we demonstrate the Blockchain-based Smart Cities’ framework and we present an understanding overview that encloses the menaces of a Quantum computer on Blockchain and Blockchain-based applications essentially Smart City. We explain as well some Post-Quantum solutions concerning the security of Blockchain-based Smart City.
Smart cities are a futuristic urban development concept that uses ICT to enable citizens, governments, and organizations to collect and share real-time data. Q-BoC technology can provide a new level of convenience and security for communication and transactions among all of a smart city's many stakeholders. Information technology, including quantum blockchain, has been integrated to govern physical, social, and business infrastructures in today's rapidly developing smart cities. Innovative technologies and concepts such as the IoT, 5G, artificial intelligence, and quantum blockchain have become necessary for an intelligent and advanced society. In recent years, both academics and industry have demonstrated a strong interest in the revolution of smart cities. Smart cities can deliver a variety of smart functions, such as intelligent transportation, Industry 5.0, governance, Healthcare 5.0, and smart banking, to improve people's quality of life. The chapter explores the application, challenges, and opportunities for making a smart society.
The amalgamation of post-quantum cryptography in cyber-physical systems makes the computing system secure and also generates opportunities in areas like smart contracts, quantum blockchain, and smart security solutions. Sooner or later, all computing and security systems are going to adopt quantum-proof cryptography to safeguard these systems from quantum attacks. Post-quantum cryptography has tremendous potential in various domains and must be researched and explored further to be utilized successfully. Advancements in Quantum Blockchain With Real-Time Applications considers various concepts of computing such as quantum computing, post-quantum cryptography, quantum attack-resistant blockchain, quantum blockchains, and multidisciplinary applications and real-world use cases. The book also discusses solutions to various real-world problems within the industry. Covering key topics such as cybersecurity, data management, and smart society, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, academicians, practitioners, scholars, researchers, instructors, and students.
Blockchain has been paving the way for new business opportunities as we have witnessed over the last few years. It will continue to proliferate further and be adopted in increasingly diverse sectors. One area of research in Blockchain is how it can be used in Internet of Things (IoT) based applications like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Smart cities and Healthcare. However, with the advent of quantum technology, some widely used security algorithms in blockchain are vulnerable (i.e., quantum algorithms can exponentially solve cryptographic algorithms used to digitally sign or encrypt data), thereby diminishing communication security. Thus, post-quantum algorithms are at the forefront of research to secure data before quantum technologies can fully mature. Early standardized post-quantum algorithms such as hash-based one-time signatures, relies on the proven one-way-ness of hashing algorithm. Hash-based one-time signatures require robust secret key management systems to prevent security degradation. To safeguard IoT applications from quantum threats, this paper proposes a solution which utilizes both hash-based one-time signatures and blockchain to cover each technology's weaknesses.
Smart cities face multiple cybersecurity threats that have arisen from the increased digitization of city infrastructure. This research seeks to develop a theoretical model that will adopt quantum cryptography and blockchain in defending in-terconnected city networks from emerging threats. The proposed framework is based on the integration of quantum, decentralized ledger systems, and can protect IoT infrastructure without compromising its functionality. Our approach analyzes possible cryptographic approaches throughout different urban systems, paying special attention to data authenticity and the network's robustness. The presented framework shows how the use of quantum cryptographic methods integrated with the blockchain approach can form the basis for the effective protection of important urban infrastructure from the development of new cyber threats.
The internet of things (IoT) has been used in a wide range of applications since its emergence, including smart cities, intelligent systems, smart homes, smart agriculture, and healthcare. IoT systems rely on information processing and sharing, where data leakages may jeopardize their security and privacy. On the other hand, quantum computers are poised to solve complex problems that traditional computers cannot. However, due to the fact that the majority of cyber algorithms are based on significant computational complexity, quantum computing poses a substantial threat to the cyber security of global digital infrastructure, including IoT networks, smart cities, banking, and intelligent infrastructure. This chapter discusses potential security and privacy measures for a post-quantum world against threats posed by quantum computing, including post-quantum cryptography, quantum software testing, post-quantum blockchain technology, and architectural considerations for creating post-quantum secure IoT systems.
As quantum computing advances, existing cryptographic techniques used in smart city infrastructures face increasing vulnerability, especially within internet of things (IoT) networks. This chapter explores the critical role of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) in securing urban IoT ecosystems against quantum threats while addressing sustainability challenges. It covers PQC principles, algorithm families, integration with IoT communication protocols, and the protection of critical sectors such as energy, healthcare, and transportation. The chapter also explores quantum-specific network attacks, supply chain vulnerabilities, and the role of green cryptography and AI-assisted security. Emphasis is placed on balancing quantum resilience with energy efficiency to ensure secure, scalable, and sustainable smart cities. The chapter concludes by identifying future research directions to guide the transition toward quantum-safe and eco-conscious urban infrastructure.