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Criticality of the three-state chiral clock model: A renormalisation group study

Marcelo Lobato Martins, Constantino Tsallis

Published Jan 1, 1989• 0 citations
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Abstract

Within a real space renormalisation group approach, the authors study the phase diagram and the universality classes of the three-state chiral clock model in a self-dual planar hierarchical lattice. They find that the chiral field Delta is relevant at the pure Potts critical point with a crossover exponent phi approximately=0.32. The critical line which separates the ferromagnetic phase from the non-ferromagnetic ones is characterised by a multicritical (Lifshitz) point located at (K, Delta ) approximately= (1.452, 0.382).

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Within a real space renormalisation group approach, the authors study the phase diagram and the universality classes of the three-state chiral clock model in a self-dual planar hierarchical lattice. They find that the chiral field Delta is relevant at the pure Potts critical point with a crossover exponent phi approximately=0.32. The critical line which separates the ferromagnetic phase from the non-ferromagnetic ones is characterised by a multicritical (Lifshitz) point located at (K, Delta ) approximately= (1.452, 0.382).
Within a real-space renormalisation group framework, the authors treat the q-state Potts ferromagnet in a simple cubic lattice consisting of two different semi-infinite bulks (respectively characterised by the coupling constants J1and J2) separated by a (1,0,0) interface (characterised by Js). The use of a rather sophisticated two-terminal cluster allows a quite reliable discussion of the phase diagram and its universality classes. Four physically different phases are obtained, namely the paramagnetic and the double-bulk, single-bulk and surface ferromagnetic ones. The critical surface contains a multicritical line (associated with J1not=J2) which in turn contains a special point associated with J1=J2.
Within a real space renormalisation group framework which uses rather sophisticated clusters, the authors discuss the phase diagram and the universality classes of a semi-infinite cubic-lattice q-state Potts ferromagnet. In particular, they study the influence, on the surface magnetism, of q and Delta identical to J S /J B -1 (where J S and J B are respectively the surface and bulk coupling constants). The exact d=2 critical temperature T c 2D is recovered for all values of q. The q-dependence of the value Delta c above which surface magnetic order can exist even if the bulk is disordered, is calculated and, through a convenient extrapolation, reliable results are obtained (for the Ising particular case, i.e. q=2, they obtain the extrapolated value Delta c =0.569, which compares satisfactorily with the series result 0.6+or-0.1 and the Monte Carlo one, 0.50+or-0.03). At the surface-bulk (SB) multicritical point they calculate the q-dependences of the critical amplitude A and the crossover exponent phi (defined in the Delta to Delta c +0 limit through (T c S ( Delta )/T c 3D -1) approximately A( Delta / Delta c -1) 1 phi /, where T c S ( Delta ) and T c 3D identical to T c S ( Delta c ) respectively are the surface and the bulk critical temperatures), as well as the critical exponent y t1 SB . For the Ising particular case they obtain phi equivalent to 0.641 (which compares satisfactorily with the epsilon -expansion (0.68) and the Monte Carlo (0.56+or-0.04) results), A equivalent to 0.4 and 1/y t1 SB equivalent to 1.623. (As far as we know, no series or Monte Carlo results are available in the literature for A or 1/y t1 SB .).
The choice of a convenient self-dual cell within a real space renormalisation group framework enables a satisfactory treatment of the anisotropic square lattice q-state Potts ferromagnet criticality. The exact critical frontier and dimensionality crossover exponent Hf as well as the expected universality behaviour (renormalisation flow sense) are recovered for any linear scaling factor b and all values of q(q<or=4). The b=2 and b=3 approximate correlation length critical exponent nu is calculated for all values of q and compared with the den Nijs conjecture. The same calculation is performed, for all values of b for the exponent nu (d=1) associated with the one-dimensional limit and the exact result nu (d=1)=1 is recovered in the limit b to infinity .
Within a real space renormalisation group framework, the authors discuss the criticality of the full anisotropic (arbitrary J x , J y and J z )q-state Potts ferromagnet in the simple cubic lattice. Several previously known exact results for the d=1 and d=2 particular cases are recovered. Furthermore they obtain: (i) the q-dependence of the d=3 correlation length critical exponent nu 3 (in particular, if q to 0, nu 3 (q) approximately nu 3 (0)+ nu 3 '(0)q where the present approximate values are nu 3 (0) approximately=1.105 and nu 3 '(0) approximately=-0.66); (ii) the q-dependence of the d=2 to or from d=3 crossover critical exponent phi 23 (in particular, phi 23 varies as 1/ square root q if q to 0); (iii) through a convenient numerical extrapolation, a quite accurate proposal for the critical temperatures corresponding to arbitrary ratios, J y /J x and J z /J x and values of q.
Using the corner-transfer matrix renormalization group approach, we revisit the three-state chiral Potts model on the square lattice, a model proposed in the eighties to describe commensurate-incommensurate transitions at surfaces, and with direct relevance to recent experiments on chains of Rydberg atoms. This model was suggested by Huse and Fisher to have a chiral transition in the vicinity of the Potts point, a possibility that turned out to be very difficult to definitely establish or refute numerically. Our results confirm that the transition changes character at a Lifshitz point that separates a line of Pokrosky-Talapov transitions far enough from the Potts point from a line of direct continuous order-disorder transition close to it. Thanks to the accuracy of the numerical results, we have been able to base the analysis entirely on effective exponents to deal with the crossovers that have hampered previous numerical investigations. The emerging picture is that of a new universality class with exponents that do not change between the Potts point and the Lifshitz point, and that appear to be consistent with those of a self-dual version of the model, namely correlation lengths exponents νx=2/3 in the direction of the asymmetry and νy=1 perpendicular to it, an incommensurability exponent β¯=2/3, a specific heat exponent that keeps the value α=1/3 of the three-state Potts model, and a dynamical exponent z=3/2. These results are in excellent agreement with experimental results obtained on reconstructed surfaces in the nineties, and shed light on recent Kibble-Zurek experiments on the period-3 phase of chains of Rydberg atoms.