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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Conversion of Poisson photons into sub-Poisson photons by the action of electron feedback

Federico Capasso, Malvin Carl Teich

Published Jan 1, 1986• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Poisson photons may be converted into sub-Poisson photons by the action of an electron current configured in an external feedback loop. The generation mechanism involves single-photon transitions so that the source can be made arbitrarily sub-Poisson. Unlike previous schemes, nonlinear optics is not invoked. A useful configuration involves a photon emitter illuminating a detector/ source combination in a closed-loop system. Two solid-state implementations of the detector/source are suggested. One makes use of electronic dipole transitions between the energy levels of a quantum-well heterostructure; the other operates by electrons impact-exciting electroluminescent centers.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1986.tua7

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Poisson photons may be converted into sub-Poisson photons by the action of an electron current configured in an external feedback loop. The generation mechanism involves single-photon transitions so that the source can be made arbitrarily sub-Poisson. Unlike previous schemes, nonlinear optics is not invoked. A useful configuration involves a photon emitter illuminating a detector/ source combination in a closed-loop system. Two solid-state implementations of the detector/source are suggested. One makes use of electronic dipole transitions between the energy levels of a quantum-well heterostructure; the other operates by electrons impact-exciting electroluminescent centers.
Poisson photons may be converted into sub-Poisson (amplitude-squeezed) photons by the action of an electron current configured in an external feedback loop. The generation mechanism involves single-photon transitions so that the source can be made arbitrarily sub-Poissonian. Non-linear optics is not invoked. A useful configuration involves a photon emitter illuminating a detector-source combination in a closed-loop system. Two solid-state implementations of the detector-source combination are suggested.
Sub-Poissonian photoelectron statistics have been produced by using the detection of down-converted photons in a trigger channel, having an electronic dead time, fed back to gate conjugate photoelectrons in a signal channel. With suitable choice of gate width and dead time a second factorial moment of the photo-electron count distribution as low as 0.4 has been achieved with considerable improvements in signal variance over equivalent Poisson sources. Suitable modification of the apparatus to produce sub-Poissonian photons rather than photoelectrons is described.
The usual open-loop quantum and semiclassical theories of light detection are extended to include closed-loop operation in which there is feedback from the detector to the source. It is shown that the unmistakable signatures of nonclassical light associated with open-loop detection, such as sub-shot-noise spectra and sub-Poisson photo-counts, do not carry over to closed-loopsystems. This behavior is illustrated through quantitatively indistinguishable quantum and semiclassical analyses of two recent closed-loop experiments in which sub-Poisson photocount statistics were produced. It turns out that if the open-loop illumination does not require the use of quantum photodetection theory, then neither does the closed-loop illumination. Conversely, if the open-loop illumination is nonclassical, then the closed-loop behavior must be analyzed quantum mechanically. The use of nonclassical field correlations to obtain light beams that give sub-Poisson open-loop photocounts from these closed-loop arrangements is discussed and generalized into a synthesis procedure for producing light beams with arbitrary open-loop photocount statistics.
A scheme for generating sub-Poisson light in a negative feedback and cascade three-level system is proposed in this paper. By using Langevin quantum theory, it is shown that there is a partial correlation between the two output light beams, one of which is fed back to control pump source so that the pump noise may be suppressed. When the pump noise is perfectly suppressed, the photon noise level of the internal field is 50% below the standard quantum limit (SQL), but the reduction of the output photon noise is related with the atomic number N. When N is very large, the output noise level is SQL. When N is very small, the sub-Poisson light can be produced within the cavity bandwidth in the external field, and the fluctuation of output photon flow approaches zero when N approaches 1. The conclusion in this paper is of generality.
The usual open-loop semiclassical theory of light detection is extended to include closed-loop operation in which there is feedback from the detector to the source. The revised theory takes the form of a self-exciting point process. It admits photocount statistics that are associated with non-classical light in open-loop configurations, e.g., sub-shot-noise spectra and sub-Poisson photocounts. The extended theory is used to explain two recent closed-loop experiments in which sub-Poisson photocount statistics were produced.