Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Comment on “Perturbative operator approach to high-precision light-pulse atom interferometry”

B. Dubetsky

Published Aug 20, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An anomaly of the Earth's gravitational field could increase the second-order gravity-gradient tensor more than an order of magnitude and third-order gravity-gradient tensor more than four orders of magnitude. As a result an estimate of the systematic error in the atomic gravimetry considered in the article by Utrecht and Giese [Phys. Rev. A 101, 053615 (2020)] should be proportionally enlarged.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.027301

Related papers

Reply to “Comment on ‘Perturbative operator approach to high-precision light-pulse atom interferometry' ”

Christian Ufrecht, Enno Giese

Recently, we introduced [C. Ufrecht and E. Giese, Phys. Rev. A 101, 053615 (2020)] a technique to calculate the phase of light-pulse atom interferometers caused by the presence of perturbation potentials and underlined its power by an illustrative example. In the preceding Comment [B. Dubetsky, Phys. Rev. A 102, 027301 (2020)], it was pointed out that other, less idealized situations could have been calculated as well. Our Reply emphasizes that our method is correct, the results from our example can be trivially generalized to other perturbations, and intricate effects of local environments can be even more prominent but also treated by our technique.

Physical Review A•Aug 20, 2020•1 citation

Perturbative operator approach to high-precision light-pulse atom interferometry

Christian Ufrecht, Enno Giese

Light-pulse atom interferometers are powerful quantum sensors, however, their accuracy for example in tests of the weak equivalence principle is limited by various spurious influences like stray magnetic fields or blackbody radiation. Improving the accuracy therefore requires a detailed assessment of the size of such deleterious effects. Here we present a systematic operator expansion to obtain phase shift and contrast analytically in powers of a perturbation potential. The result can either be employed for robust straightforward order-of-magnitude estimates or for rigorous calculations. Together with general conditions for the validity of the approach, we provide a particularly useful formula for the phase including wave-packet effects.

arXiv:2003.02042•Physical Review A•May 8, 2020•26 citations

Comment On "On observation of neutron quantum states in the Earth's gravitational field"

V. K. Ignatovich

It is shown that criticism in the paper: "On observation of neutron quantum states in the Earth's gravitational field." Phys.Rev.D {\bf 81} 052008 (2010) of the experiment with neutrons to observe bound levels in gravity field is not correct.

arXiv:1101.0888•Jan 5, 2011•0 citations

Atom interferometers’ phases at the presence of heavy masses; their use to measure Newtonian gravitational constant; optimization, error model, perspectives

B. Dubetsky

The contribution to the phase of the atom interferometer caused by the gravity field of a massive test mass is considered. This contribution can be extracted by applying the double difference technique to measure the Newtonian gravitational constant G. Estimates and further calculations showed that after choosing the largest (given the current state of the art) multiphoton wave vector, the time delay between pulses, the mass of the test body and the signal optimization in respect to atomic positions and velocities, one should be able to obtain an accurate G measurement of 200 ppb, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude more accurate than what can currently be obtained. Calculated variations of the phases under the small deviations of atomic variables made it clear that atom clouds' radii and temperatures have to be as small as 100 micron and 100 pK, which has also been achieved already.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Jan 1, 2017•1 citation

Comment on "Using an atom interferometer to infer gravitational entanglement generation''

Daniel Carney, Holger Müller, Jacob M. Taylor

Our paper arXiv:2101.11629 contains a technical error which changes some of the conclusions. We thank Streltsov, Pedernales, and Plenio for bringing the essence of this error to our attention. Here we explain the error, examine its consequences, and suggest methods to overcome the resulting weakness in the proposed experiment.

arXiv:2111.04667•Nov 8, 2021•2 citations

Atom Interferometry as a Probe of the Terrestrial GMWT Geometric Amplitude Matter-Wave Phase Shifts, Dual-Species Tests, Gradiometry, Source-Mass Measurements, Aharonov–Bohm Phase, Frequency-Shift Outlook, and the Canonical 10−12 Contractive Scale

Rafik Hiahemzizou

This article investigates atom interferometry, precision clocks, resonant cavities, and selected geometry-sensitive anomalies as experimental consistency tests for the Gravitation Matter–Wave Theory (GMWT). The central quantity is the terrestrial geometric amplitude εgeo⊕ =6πCGMWTNp,⊕ ≃2.3×10−12,derived from the geometric projection of the Earth’s protonic wave field, distinct from the energetic projection that reconstructs the gravitational acceleration g. Applied to the Earth radius, this amplitude gives a micrometric contraction scale∆Lgeo⊕ ≃ 14.5µm,which lies in the same domain as the effective phase-distance gT2 measured in millisecond light-pulse atom interferometry.The article then organizes a sequence of experimental comparisons into three levels.First-level established cases include atom-interferometric phase shifts, dual-species tests, gravity gradiometry, source-mass measurements, the gravitational Aharonov–Bohm phase, atomic clocks, blackbody-radiation shifts, and residual caesium fountain shifts. In these cases, the terrestrial GMWT amplitude enters explicitly as a normalized geometric factor.Exploratory first-level cases are then considered separately: the Tajmar superconducting ring anomaly and LIGO blip glitches, where the same terrestrial amplitude appears in geometry-sensitive but unresolved phenomena. Finally, second-level wave-geometric cases, including Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, Haroche-type cavities, high-finesse optical cavities, optomechanics, circuit-QED, and cesium anomalous phases, are used to test the broader GMWT idea that waves carry both energetic and geometric components. The aim is not to claim experimental confirmation of GMWT, nor to treat all cases as having the same evidential status. Rather, the article proposes a structured experimental roadmap showing that a single normalized GMWT architecture yields recurrent order-of magnitude correspondences across matter-wave phase, frequency shifts, effective wave-space dilations, inertial anomalies, and interferometric transients.

•Jul 24, 2026•0 citations
An anomaly of the Earth's gravitational field could increase the second-order gravity-gradient tensor more than an order of magnitude and third-order gravity-gradient tensor more than four orders of magnitude. As a result an estimate of the systematic error in the atomic gravimetry considered in the article by Utrecht and Giese [Phys. Rev. A 101, 053615 (2020)] should be proportionally enlarged.
Recently, we introduced [C. Ufrecht and E. Giese, Phys. Rev. A 101, 053615 (2020)] a technique to calculate the phase of light-pulse atom interferometers caused by the presence of perturbation potentials and underlined its power by an illustrative example. In the preceding Comment [B. Dubetsky, Phys. Rev. A 102, 027301 (2020)], it was pointed out that other, less idealized situations could have been calculated as well. Our Reply emphasizes that our method is correct, the results from our example can be trivially generalized to other perturbations, and intricate effects of local environments can be even more prominent but also treated by our technique.
Light-pulse atom interferometers are powerful quantum sensors, however, their accuracy for example in tests of the weak equivalence principle is limited by various spurious influences like stray magnetic fields or blackbody radiation. Improving the accuracy therefore requires a detailed assessment of the size of such deleterious effects. Here we present a systematic operator expansion to obtain phase shift and contrast analytically in powers of a perturbation potential. The result can either be employed for robust straightforward order-of-magnitude estimates or for rigorous calculations. Together with general conditions for the validity of the approach, we provide a particularly useful formula for the phase including wave-packet effects.
The contribution to the phase of the atom interferometer caused by the gravity field of a massive test mass is considered. This contribution can be extracted by applying the double difference technique to measure the Newtonian gravitational constant G. Estimates and further calculations showed that after choosing the largest (given the current state of the art) multiphoton wave vector, the time delay between pulses, the mass of the test body and the signal optimization in respect to atomic positions and velocities, one should be able to obtain an accurate G measurement of 200 ppb, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude more accurate than what can currently be obtained. Calculated variations of the phases under the small deviations of atomic variables made it clear that atom clouds' radii and temperatures have to be as small as 100 micron and 100 pK, which has also been achieved already.
This article investigates atom interferometry, precision clocks, resonant cavities, and selected geometry-sensitive anomalies as experimental consistency tests for the Gravitation Matter–Wave Theory (GMWT). The central quantity is the terrestrial geometric amplitude εgeo⊕ =6πCGMWTNp,⊕ ≃2.3×10−12,derived from the geometric projection of the Earth’s protonic wave field, distinct from the energetic projection that reconstructs the gravitational acceleration g. Applied to the Earth radius, this amplitude gives a micrometric contraction scale∆Lgeo⊕ ≃ 14.5µm,which lies in the same domain as the effective phase-distance gT2 measured in millisecond light-pulse atom interferometry.The article then organizes a sequence of experimental comparisons into three levels.First-level established cases include atom-interferometric phase shifts, dual-species tests, gravity gradiometry, source-mass measurements, the gravitational Aharonov–Bohm phase, atomic clocks, blackbody-radiation shifts, and residual caesium fountain shifts. In these cases, the terrestrial GMWT amplitude enters explicitly as a normalized geometric factor.Exploratory first-level cases are then considered separately: the Tajmar superconducting ring anomaly and LIGO blip glitches, where the same terrestrial amplitude appears in geometry-sensitive but unresolved phenomena. Finally, second-level wave-geometric cases, including Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, Haroche-type cavities, high-finesse optical cavities, optomechanics, circuit-QED, and cesium anomalous phases, are used to test the broader GMWT idea that waves carry both energetic and geometric components. The aim is not to claim experimental confirmation of GMWT, nor to treat all cases as having the same evidential status. Rather, the article proposes a structured experimental roadmap showing that a single normalized GMWT architecture yields recurrent order-of magnitude correspondences across matter-wave phase, frequency shifts, effective wave-space dilations, inertial anomalies, and interferometric transients.