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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Laser Exciting of Bound Photonic States and High Frequency Gravitational Waves in Media during Combinational Light Processes

В. С. Горелик

Published May 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes satellites (Comb Parametric Raman Processes) were observed in liquids and crystals when excited by picosecond laser pulses of a YAG:Nd3+ solid-state laser with generation wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm. The Stokes combination satellites of the infrared range were detected as a result of their conversion into the visible spectral region. The bound two-photonic states, corresponding to high frequency gravitational waves, in media due to strong photon-photon interactions is predicted.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1557/1/012023

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Abstract Multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes satellites (Comb Parametric Raman Processes) were observed in liquids and crystals when excited by picosecond laser pulses of a YAG:Nd3+ solid-state laser with generation wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm. The Stokes combination satellites of the infrared range were detected as a result of their conversion into the visible spectral region. The bound two-photonic states, corresponding to high frequency gravitational waves, in media due to strong photon-photon interactions is predicted.
Stimulated Raman Scattering in globular photonic crystals and globular photonic glasses at different diameters of globules (250 – 400 nm) with embedded molecular liquids is studied under excitation by nanosecond or picoseconds laser pulses. Substantial decrease of Stimulated Raman Scattering threshold was observed. Such phenomenon was explained as the result of laser radiation field increase in globular photonic structures due to photonic density of states enhancement near the edges of photonic stop bands of photonic crystals and due to Mie resonance or whispering gallery modes effect revealing in photonic glasses. Stimulated Raman Scattering threshold lowering as a result of light capture in globular photonic crystals and photonic glasses opens the way to new efficient laser sources created on the base of composite globular photonic structures. Experimental data on spectra of Stimulated Raman Scattering in light and heavy waters are presented. As sources of exciting light the powerful ultra short solid state laser pulses with 532.0 nm wavelength and giant pulses of Ruby laser (694.3 nm) have been used. Several Stokes and anti-Stokes satellites were observed. Libration modes have been excited and resulted in some additional Raman bands at low frequency region and also as combining tones.
We investigate the arrival statistics of Stokes (S) and anti-Stokes (aS) Raman photons generated in thin diamond crystals. Strong quantum correlations between the S and aS signals are observed, which implies that the two processes share the same phonon; that is, the phonon excited in the S process is consumed in the aS process. We show that the intensity cross-correlation g(S,aS)(2)(0), which describes the simultaneous detection of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, increases steadily with decreasing laser power and saturates at very low pump powers, implying that the number of Stokes-induced aS photons is comparable to the number of spontaneously generated aS photons. Furthermore, the coincidence rate shows a quadratic plus cubic power dependence, indicating the generation of multiple S photons per pulse at high powers.
The characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering in benzene and carbon disulfide introduced in pores of globular photonic crystals—opal matrices formed from close-packed balls (globules) of amorphous quartz (silica)—have been experimentally studied. Stimulated Raman scattering spectra have been excited by giant pulses of the second optical harmonic (532 nm) of a YAG laser. The spectra have been recorded in the direction of mirror reflection from the (111) growth surface of a globular photonic crystal at various angles of incidence (10°–70°) of laser radiation. It has been shown that the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering decreases sharply (by more than an order of magnitude) at a certain angle of mirror reflection and additional Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman satellites appear in the spectrum. The observed sharp decrease in the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering has been explained by an increase in the spectral density of the electromagnetic field in the surface region of the photonic crystal because of the approach of the spectral position of the stopband of the photonic crystal to the exciting line (532 nm) under variation of the angle of incidence of pump radiation on the (111) surface.
Emission at wavelengths of 1.0615 and 1.074 μ from a self-mode-locked YAG:Nd3+ laser was observed at thresholds which were only 1.5 and 3.5 times higher than the threshold for the emission of radiation with λ = 1.064 μ. Efficient conversion (characterized by a quantum efficiency of ~ 15%) of the third harmonics of the radiations with λ = 1.064 and 1.0615 μ to the visible (590 nm) and ultraviolet (250 nm) ranges was achieved in atomic barium vapor. Electron stimulated Raman scattering due to a strongly forbidden transition in a system of Ba atoms was observed for the first time.
Summary form only given. The development of the Raman gas-filled hollow core photonic crystal fibers allow to exacerbate the light-matter interaction with extremely high efficiency. Among the nonlinear optical effect that were extensively explored we count stimulated Raman scattering, with demonstrations like over 5-octaves wide Raman comb using H2-filled inhibited coupling guiding HC-PCF pumped with a picosecond pulsed laser [1]. Furthermore, Raman-active gases are known to exhibit very weak susceptibility outside the Raman frequencies, and thus are considered to be poor media for the generation of new frequencies through parametric four-wave mixing (FWM).Here we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of pairs of sidebands via parametric FWM in strongly driven Raman molecular gas. The experimental set-up used a 1030 nm Yb-fiber laser with average power of 15 W, a repetition rate of 1 MHz and pulse duration of 27 ps. The light is then coupled into a photonic microcell composed by a D2-filled inhibited coupling tubular-lattice single-ring HC-PCF [2]. The fiber exhibits a low-loss broadband guidance with a minimum of 10 dB/km around the pump wavelength and operates in almost a single mode regime with a mode field diameter of 28 μm. The D2 molecule has a vibrational Raman resonance around 89.8 THz, and rotational resonances of 12.4 THz for the ortho-D2 and 7.1 THz for the para-D2. The pressure of D2 was set at 40 bar to experimentally maximize the Raman lines from ortho-D2. The results are shown in the figure 1. The generated spectrum presents around 100 laser lines over a 200 THz wide spectral span with a dense cluster whose frequency-difference is under 2 THz by a ro-vib SRS/FWM combination. Four FWM sidebands can be identified (plotted in red color), generated in both sides of two para-rotational lines reproduced eight times around the pump radiation and three times around the first vibrational Stokes.
Controllable generation of photon pairs is essential for the utilization of quantum pair states for quantum applications such as quantum communication, quantum cryptography, teleportation, and linear optics quantum computing. Raman scattering is one of the most fundamental light-matter interactions and can be used to generate photon pairs. Using the spontaneous Stokes Raman interaction, a photon from a strong pump laser pulse is annihilated, and a Stokes photon and Raman-mediated collective excitation are created. This excitation can then be read out deterministically as an anti-Stokes photon with the application of a second laser pulse within the excitation lifetime, creating a photon pair. The heralding capability of the Stokes photon and lifetime of the excitation makes this source quasi-deterministic, where the anti-Stokes photon can be created at a later time than the Stokes. This gives additional advantages and uses over traditional photon-pair sources using nonlinear interactions of light in a transparent medium, which generate the pair of photons simultaneously. In this thesis, we study the correlations of photon pairs generated via spontaneous Raman interactions and demonstrate how these interactions can be used for quantum applications. First, we develop a model to study the spectral correlations between the Raman generated Stokes and anti-Stokes photons. This model is used to calculate the spectral single-photon purity of the photons in a generic material system ignoring the effects of material dispersion. We calculate how various parameters effect the purity including pump spectral bandwidth, excitation linewidth, and time delay between pump pulses. We then introduced an experimental realization of a Raman-mediated photon-pair source in an integrated quantum photonic circuit platform. Interstitial N2 molecules inherently trapped in silicon nitride thin films during the deposition process possess a sharp Raman mission corresponding to the vibrational mode of the molecules, which can be used as a Raman-mediated photon-pair source. We present evidence of N2 defects in silicon nitride thin films and estimate the defect density and excitation lifetime. By patterning the films into waveguide structures, the photon-matter interaction is enhanced. We perform finite-element simulation of light propagation in our fabricated waveguides and use the results to examine effects from the waveguide on ultrafast optical pulses and phase-matching requirements for efficient photon-pair generation. We then present experimental progress towards detecting Stokes and anti-Stokes photon-pair generation from N2 defects in silicon nitride waveguides. We show results from degenerate and non-degenerate wavelength optical pump pulses. We discuss limitations of the experimental methods and study in detail the sources of noise arising from the silicon nitride waveguide, and conclude by discussing future extensions on the results presented here.