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Laser Physics

Photon emission by an atom with degenerate levels into a micro-cavity with polarization-degenerate mode

Решетов Владимир Александрович

Published Jun 22, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The emission of a photon by an atom with degenerate levels into a micro-cavity with a single polarization-degenerate mode is studied theoretically with an account of irreversible relaxation of the atom–field system for the atomic excitation by a short laser pulse as well as by means of vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. The analytic expressions for the probability of emission of the photon in the cavity and for the photon polarization matrix are derived in the ’strong-coupling’ and ‘bad-cavity’ approximations for arbitrary values of angular momenta of atomic levels. The dependence of the photon polarization on the polarization of the control laser field is studied. It is shown that the degree of photon polarization may be varied from zero (maximum atom–photon entanglement) to unity (disentangled atom and photon) by means of the control-field polarization.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/ab908f

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Abstract The emission of a photon by an atom with degenerate levels into a micro-cavity with a single polarization-degenerate mode is studied theoretically with an account of irreversible relaxation of the atom–field system for the atomic excitation by a short laser pulse as well as by means of vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. The analytic expressions for the probability of emission of the photon in the cavity and for the photon polarization matrix are derived in the ’strong-coupling’ and ‘bad-cavity’ approximations for arbitrary values of angular momenta of atomic levels. The dependence of the photon polarization on the polarization of the control laser field is studied. It is shown that the degree of photon polarization may be varied from zero (maximum atom–photon entanglement) to unity (disentangled atom and photon) by means of the control-field polarization.
Abstract The master equation for the atom-field system with degenerate atomic levels and two polarization modes of the quantized field in a damped micro-cavity is obtained in the basis of eigenvectors of the interaction operator. The solution for the lossless cavity is obtained. The analytic expressions for the probability of emission of the photon in the cavity by an excited atom and of the photon polarization matrix are derived in the ‘strong coupling’ and ‘bad cavity’ approximations for arbitrary values of angular momenta of atomic levels. The dependence of the photon polarization on the polarization of the short excitation pulse is studied.
The three-level Λ-type atom with degenerate atomic levels is considered, one of its transitions being driven by the coherent field, the other being coupled to the single-mode quantized field of the high-Q cavity. The probability of emission of a single photon in the cavity via Raman scattering versus the mutual orientation of polarization vectors of the cavity mode and of the driving coherent pulse is studied. The efficiency of the retrieval of a single-photon excitation, stored in the atomic ground state (as suggested, e.g., in paper [1]), versus the mutual orientation of polarizations of cavity modes and of the coherent ``write'' and ``read'' pulses is also investigated. The numerical calculations are carried out for the transitions between hyperfine components of the ground 6 S 1/2 and excited 6 P 3/2 states of Cesium atoms, which were exploited in the experiments [1]. The optimal polarizations providing the maximum probability of photon emission and maximum retrieval efficiency are determined.
We describe a cavity-QED scheme to deterministically generate polarization entangled photon pairs by using a single atom successively coupled to two single longitudinal mode cavities presenting polarization degeneracy. The cavities are initially prepared either in the vacuum state or in a single photon Fock state for each orthogonal polarization. Sharing the same basic elements, the source can operate on different physical processes. For a V -type three-level atom initially prepared in the ground state two implementations of the source are possible using either: i) two truncated Rabi Oscillations, or ii) a counterintuitive Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage process. Although slower than the former implementation, this second one is very efficient and robust under fluctuations of the experimental parameters and, particularly interesting, almost insensitive to atomic decay. For a four-level atom in a diamond configuration initially prepared in the upper state, the source can produce entangled photon pairs even in the bad cavity limit via an adiabatic passage process. We have performed Monte Carlo wave function simulations to characterize these sources by means of: i) the success probability P of producing the desired entangled state, ii) the fidelity F in the reduced space of two emitted cavity photons, and iii) the S parameter of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality to quantify the entanglement capability.