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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Stochastic breaking of bound states in a system of atoms interacting with a radiation field

P. I. Belobrov, Georgin Moiseevich Zaslavskiî, G. Kh. Tartakovskiǐ

Published Nov 1, 1976• 6 citations
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The stochastic limit of quantum theory suggests a new, constructive, approach to nonequilibrium phenomena. We illustrate this approach when considering the interaction of 3-level system with a quantum field in a nonequilibrium state. We describe a class of states of the quantum field for which a stationary state drives the system to an inversely populated state. We find that the quotient of the population of the energy levels in the simplest case is described by the double Einstein formula which involves products of two Einstein emission/absorption factors. Emission and absorption of radiation by 3-level atom in nonequilibrium stationary state is described.
We provide a detailed description of the response of an experimentally accessible, open, driven quantum system in its stationary state to a weak periodic signal. The system, a single mode of the quantized radiation field in coherent interaction with a sequence of two-level atoms and coupled to an environment of temperature T , is shown to exhibit stochastic resonance on output, under changes of T . Furthermore, at vanishing temperature, the transition rates between the metastable states of the radiation field remain finite and are set by the quantum noise level at . Consequently, signal enhancement and synchronization can be achieved even in this very quantum limit, for a properly tuned signal frequency.
A class of bound-state problems which represent the interaction between a system of N two-level atoms and an electromagnetic radiation via an m-photon process is studied, with m = 1; 2; 3;.... We also evaluate some nonlinear effects usually related with the polarisability of the medium and with the dependence on the intensity of the radiation field on the matter-radiation interaction. We obtain exact values for the eigenstates and eigenvalues for all values of total angular momentum of the system and all possible number m of photons involved in the interaction. We give explicit analytic expressions for small numbers of atoms and discuss some aspects of the composition of the eigenstates and of the spectra obtained in these cases.