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Quantum Information Processing

Entanglement concentration service for the quantum Internet

László Gyöngyösi, Sándor Imre

Published Jun 22, 2020• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Here, we define the entanglement concentration service for the quantum Internet. The aim of the entanglement concentration service is to provide reliable, high-quality entanglement for a dedicated set of strongly connected quantum nodes in the quantum Internet. The objectives of the service are to simultaneously maximize the entanglement throughput of all entangled connections and to minimize the hop distance between the high-priority quantum nodes. We propose a method for the resolution of the entanglement concentration problem and provide a performance analysis.

DOI
10.1007/s11128-020-02716-3

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Abstract Here, we define the entanglement concentration service for the quantum Internet. The aim of the entanglement concentration service is to provide reliable, high-quality entanglement for a dedicated set of strongly connected quantum nodes in the quantum Internet. The objectives of the service are to simultaneously maximize the entanglement throughput of all entangled connections and to minimize the hop distance between the high-priority quantum nodes. We propose a method for the resolution of the entanglement concentration problem and provide a performance analysis.
In a classical network the link layer is responsible for transferring a datagram between two nodes that are connected by a single link, possibly including switches. In a quantum network however, the link layer will need to provide a robust entanglement generation service between two quantum nodes which are connected by a quantum link. This service can be used by higher layers to produce entanglement between distant nodes or to perform other operations such as qubit transmission, without full knowledge of the underlying hardware and its parameters. This draft defines what can be expected from the service provided by a link layer for a Quantum Network and defines an interface between higher layers and the link layer.
Quantum entanglement is a crucial element of establishing the entangled network structure of the quantum Internet. Here we define a method to achieve controlled entanglement access in the quantum Internet. The proposed model defines different levels of entanglement accessibility for the users of the quantum network. The path cost is determined by an integrated criterion on the entanglement fidelities between the quantum nodes and the probabilities of entangled connections of an entangled path. We reveal the connection between the number of available entangled paths and the accessible fidelity of entanglement and reliability in the end nodes. The scheme provides an efficient model for entanglement access control in the experimental quantum Internet.
Quantum entanglement is a building block of the entangled quantum networks of the quantum Internet. A fundamental problem of the quantum Internet is entanglement distribution. Since quantum entanglement will be fundamental to any future quantum networking scenarios, the distribution mechanism of quantum entanglement is a critical and emerging issue in quantum networks. Here we define the method of opportunistic entanglement distribution for the quantum Internet. The opportunistic model defines distribution sets that are aimed to select those quantum nodes for which the cost function picks up a local minimum. The cost function utilizes the error patterns of the local quantum memories and the predictability of the evolution of the entanglement fidelities. Our method provides efficient entanglement distributing with respect to the actual statuses of the local quantum memories of the node pairs. The model provides an easily-applicable, moderate-complexity solution for high-fidelity entanglement distribution in experimental quantum Internet scenarios.
We define a nature-inspired model for entanglement optimization in the quantum Internet. The optimization model aims to maximize the entanglement fidelity and relative entropy of entanglement for the entangled connections of the entangled network structure of the quantum Internet. The cost functions are subject of a minimization defined to cover and integrate the physical attributes of entanglement transmission, purification, and storage of entanglement in quantum memories. The method can be implemented with low complexity that allows a straightforward application in the quantum Internet and quantum networking scenarios.
A fundamental concept of the quantum Internet is quantum entanglement. In a quantum Internet scenario where the legal users of the network have different priority levels or where a differentiation of entanglement availability between the users is a necessity, an entanglement availability service is essential. Here we define the entanglement availability differentiation (EAD) service for the quantum Internet. In the proposed EAD framework, the differentiation is either made in the amount of entanglement with respect to the relative entropy of entanglement associated with the legal users, or in the time domain with respect to the amount of time that is required to establish a maximally entangled system between the legal parties. The framework provides an efficient and easily-implementable solution for the differentiation of entanglement availability in experimental quantum networking scenarios.