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Laser Physics Letters

Localization in quantum systems with broken parities

Seyedeh Hamideh Kazemi, Mohammad Mahmoudi

Published May 26, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract For quantum systems with broken parities, a transition can appear for any two different states, and cyclic transition structures can be generated for the lowest three levels. Based on these loop transitions, we discuss how to achieve high-precision localization effects for physical objects with broken parities, i.e . chiral molecules and asymmetric quantum wells. In a Δ-type three-level system interacting simultaneously with three external fields, one of which is a standing-wave field, the absorption spectrum carries information about the position of the objects. Moreover, we can achieve 100% probability of finding the objects at certain positions by choosing appropriate parameters. In addition, we present two possible implementations of the suggested scheme in a system comprising a mixture of left- and right-handed chiral molecules and asymmetric quantum wells and show how the phase-sensitive localization effect can be used to discriminate between enantiomeric molecules.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ab88d4

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Abstract For quantum systems with broken parities, a transition can appear for any two different states, and cyclic transition structures can be generated for the lowest three levels. Based on these loop transitions, we discuss how to achieve high-precision localization effects for physical objects with broken parities, i.e . chiral molecules and asymmetric quantum wells. In a Δ-type three-level system interacting simultaneously with three external fields, one of which is a standing-wave field, the absorption spectrum carries information about the position of the objects. Moreover, we can achieve 100% probability of finding the objects at certain positions by choosing appropriate parameters. In addition, we present two possible implementations of the suggested scheme in a system comprising a mixture of left- and right-handed chiral molecules and asymmetric quantum wells and show how the phase-sensitive localization effect can be used to discriminate between enantiomeric molecules.
The optical bistability (OB) and multistability (OM) in chiral molecules are investigated by placing the sample into a unidirectional ring cavity. Because of broken mirror symmetry of the effective potential, the chiral molecules have a cyclic three-level Δ-configuration structure, in which one- and two-photon transitions can coexist. We find that the OB is achievable in this system on exact one-, two- and three-photon resonance conditions but absent in the three-level Λ-type system under the two-photon resonance. Moreover, the OM and the switching between OB and OM are also realized by choosing parameters properly. Interestingly, the left- and right-handed chiral molecules exhibit different bistable and multistable behaviors. It is shown that the threshold intensity of OB is strongly dependent on the percentage of the two enantiomers in the mixture. This provides an effective approach to probe molecular chirality and to determine enantiomer excess, which may find potential application in organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry, etc..
We show that quantum systems with broken symmetry can be selectively excited due to the coexistence of one- and two-photon transitions between the same states. Discrimination between two mirror-symmetric quantum wells or left- and right-handed chiral molecules can be accomplished by a ``cyclic population transfer'' process, in which one optically couples three system states $|1〉\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}|2〉\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}|3〉\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}|1〉$, and completely transfers population from state ∣1〉|1〉∣1〉 to state ∣2〉|2〉∣2〉 and ∣3〉M|3{〉}_{M}∣3〉M​ (i.e., state ∣3〉|3〉∣3〉 of the mirror imaged system) or state ∣3〉|3〉∣3〉 and ∣2〉M|2{〉}_{M}∣2〉M​, depending on the laser phases.
A scheme of high-precision two- and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization is proposed and analyzed by using a density matrix method for a five-level atom-light coupling scheme. In this system four strong laser components (which could be standing waves) couple a pair of atomic internal states to another pair of states in all possible ways to form a closed-loop diamond-shape configuration of the atom-light interaction. By systematically solving the density matrix equations of the motion, we show that the imaginary part of the susceptibility for the weak probe field is position dependent. As a result, one can obtain information about the position of the atom by measuring the resulting absorption spectra. Focusing on the signatures of the relative phase of the applied fields stemming from the closed- loop structure of the diamond- shape subsystem, we find out that there exists a significant phase dependence of the eigenvalues required to have a maximum in the probe absorption spectra. It is found that by properly selecting the controlling parameters of the system, a nearly perfect 2D atom localization can be obtained. Finally, we numerically explore the phase control of 3D atom localization for the present scheme and show the possibility to obtain 1/2 detecting probability of finding the atom at a particular volume in 3D space within one period of standing waves.